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Article

FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression

  • Authors:
    • Nina Hu
    • Ling Li
    • Jianqing Hao
    • Lifang Li
    • Mengmeng Pan
    • Jia He
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingyang People's Hospital, Qingyang, Gansu 745000, P.R. China, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 422
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    Published online on: July 22, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15777
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Abstract

Within the present study, the aim was to investigate the detailed mechanism of forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) in anoikis resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The levels of FOXA2 and ATP‑binding cassette subfamily A member 8 (ABCA8) were assessed using public databases. The effects of overexpression (oe)‑FOXA2, oe‑nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) and sh‑ABCA8 on NOX4 levels, aggregation, cell viability, apoptosis and apoptosis‑related proteins were analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative PCR, microscopy, MTT assays, flow cytometry and western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‑luciferase reporter assays were employed to determine the interaction between FOXA2 and ABCA8. In LUAD, FOXA2 and ABCA8 mRNA levels were downregulated, with lower expression observed in in A549 cells compared with BEAS‑2B cells; this pattern was pronounced under suspension culture, where A549 cells showed a further decrease in FOXA2/ABCA8 expression alongside a marked increase in NOX4 expression, compared with adherent culture. Furthermore, oe‑ABCA8 inhibited NOX4 expression and reversed the effects of oe‑NOX4 on enhancing cell aggregation, promoting cell viability, decreasing apoptosis, suppressing cleaved caspase‑3 expression and increasing NOX4 level in suspended A549 cells. Furthermore, FOXA2 bound to the ABCA8 promoter region and oe‑FOXA2 reversed the effects of ABCA8 silencing on suspended A549 cells, including enhanced cell aggregation, increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis, suppressed cleaved caspase‑3 expression and elevated NOX4 expression. Collectively, FOXA2 enhanced ABCA8 transcription, leading to inhibition of NOX4 expression and subsequently alleviating anoikis resistance in A549 cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

FOXA2 and ABCA8 expression levels are
downregulated in LUAD. (A) The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Cancer data analysis portal was used to predict FOXA2
(P=8.250×10−9) and (B) ABCA8 (P=1.624×10−12)
expression levels in LUAD based on the sample types (normal n=59;
primary tumor n=515). FOXA2, forkhead box protein A2; ABCA8, ATP
binding cassette subfamily A member 8; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma;
TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Figure 2

ABCA8 overexpression reduces anoikis
resistance in A549 cells by inhibiting NOX4 expression. BEAS-2B
cells, A549 cells, H1299 cells and H1975 cells were divided into
Att and Sus groups and received attachment culture or suspension
culture. RT-qPCR was conducted to detect mRNA levels of (A) FOXA2
and (B) ABCA8 in BEAS-2B cells, A549 cells, H1299 cells and H1975
cells undergoing attachment culture, with GAPDH serving as the
internal reference. Relative mRNA levels of (C) FOXA2, (D) ABCA8
and (E) NOX4 in A549 cells, relative mRNA levels of (F) FOXA2, (G)
ABCA8 and (H) NOX4 in H1299 cells and relative mRNA levels of (I)
FOXA2, (J) ABCA8 and (K) NOX4 in H1975 cells were measured (in both
Att and Sus culture) by RT-qPCR, with GAPDH serving as the internal
reference. (L) A549 cells were assigned into Control (without
treatment), oe-NC (transfected with oe-NC) and oe-ABCA8
(transfected with oe-ABCA8) groups. The mRNA expression of ABCA8
was determined using RT-qPCR, with GAPDH serving as the internal
reference. (M) Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was
used for prediction of the association between ABCA8 and NOX4
(P=0.014; R=−0.11). (N) The protein expression of NOX4 was
determined using western blotting, with GAPDH serving as the
internal reference. (O) A549 cells were divided into Control
(without treatment), oe-NC (transfected with oe-NC) and oe-NOX4
(transfected with oe-NOX4) groups. The mRNA expression of NOX4 was
measured using RT-qPCR, with GAPDH serving as the internal
reference. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n=3). There were
three biological replicates in each experimental group. **P<0.01
and ***P<0.001. FOXA2, forkhead box protein A2; ABCA8, ATP
binding cassette subfamily A member 8; NOX4, nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4; Att, attachment; Sus, suspension;
oe, overexpression; NC, negative control; RT-qPCR, reverse
transcription-quantitative PCR; TPM, transcripts per million.

Figure 3

Effects of NOX4 or ABCA8
overexpression on cell viability, apoptosis rate and
apoptosis-associated protein levels. (A) A549 cells in suspension
culture were assigned to oe-NC, oe-NOX4, oe-ABCA8 (treated as
before) and oe-NOX4 + oe-ABCA8 (transfected with oe-NOX4 and
oe-ABCA8) groups. Confocal microscopy images were obtained from a
microscope (magnification, ×100; scale bar, 100 µm). (B) Viability
of A549 cells (suspension culture) was monitored by MTT assay. (C)
Flow cytometry was employed to determine and (D) quantify the
apoptosis in A549 cells (suspension culture). (E) Western blotting
measured (F) cleaved-caspase3, caspase3, (G) cleaved-caspase8,
caspase8 and (H) NOX4 protein expressions in A549 cell suspension,
with GAPDH serving as the internal reference. Data are presented as
the mean ± SD (n=3). There were three biological replicates in each
experimental group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001.
ABCA8, ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8; NOX4,
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4; oe-,
overexpression; NC, negative control.

Figure 4

FOXA2 alleviates anoikis resistance
of A549 cells through promoting the expression of ABCA8. (A) A549
cells were distributed into Control (without treatment), oe-NC and
oe-FOXA2 (transfected with oe-FOXA2) groups. The mRNA expression of
FOXA2 was detected by RT-qPCR, with GAPDH serving as the internal
reference. (B) Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was
used to predict the association between ABCA8 and FOXA2
(P=5.6×10−7; R=0.23). (C) ABCA8 protein expression in
A549 cells was determined using western blotting, with GAPDH
serving as the internal reference. (D) JASPAR was utilized to
obtain the predicted binding sites of FOXA2 in ABCA8 promoter
region. (E) Relative enrichment of FOXA2 in the promoter region of
ABCA8 was evaluated using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.
(F) Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the
binding of FOXA2 and ABCA8. (G) A549 cells (suspension culture)
were divided into Control (without treatment), sh-NC (transfected
with sh-NC) and sh-ABCA8 (transfected with sh-ABCA8) groups. The
mRNA expression of ABCA8 was measured using RT-qPCR, with GAPDH
serving as the internal reference. (H) A549 cells were assigned to
Control (without treatment), sh-ABCA8 (transfected with sh-ABCA8),
oe-FOXA2 (treated as before) and oe-FOXA2 + sh-ABCA8 (transfected
with oe-FOXA2 and sh-ABCA8) groups. Confocal microscopy images were
obtained from a microscope (magnification, ×100; scale bar, 100
µm). (I) Viability of A549 cells (suspension culture) was monitored
using an MTT assay. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. FOXA2, forkhead
box protein A2; ABCA8, ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8;
sh-, short hairpin; NC, negative control; oe-, overexpression;
RT-qPCR; reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.

Figure 5

Effect of knocking down ABCA8 or
overexpressing FOXA2 on the apoptosis rate and the expression of
apoptosis-associated proteins. (A) Flow cytometry was employed to
monitor and (B) quantify apoptosis in A549 cells (suspension
culture). (C) Western blotting was used to measure (D)
cleaved-caspase3, caspase3, (E) cleaved-caspase8, caspase8 and (F)
NOX4 protein expression levels in A549 cells (suspension culture),
with GAPDH serving as the internal reference. Data are presented as
the mean ± SD (n=3). There were three biological replicates in each
experimental group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001.
FOXA2, forkhead box protein A2; ABCA8, ATP binding cassette
subfamily A member 8; NOX4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate oxidase 4; sh-, short hairpin; NC, negative control; oe-,
overexpression.

Figure 6

Schematic model of the
FOXA2/ABCA8/NOX4 axis in regulating anoikis. FOXA2, forkhead box
protein A2; ABCA8, ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8; NOX4,
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hu N, Li L, Hao J, Li L, Pan M and He J: FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression. Oncol Lett 32: 422, 2026.
APA
Hu, N., Li, L., Hao, J., Li, L., Pan, M., & He, J. (2026). FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression. Oncology Letters, 32, 422. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15777
MLA
Hu, N., Li, L., Hao, J., Li, L., Pan, M., He, J."FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression". Oncology Letters 32.3 (2026): 422.
Chicago
Hu, N., Li, L., Hao, J., Li, L., Pan, M., He, J."FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression". Oncology Letters 32, no. 3 (2026): 422. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15777
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hu N, Li L, Hao J, Li L, Pan M and He J: FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression. Oncol Lett 32: 422, 2026.
APA
Hu, N., Li, L., Hao, J., Li, L., Pan, M., & He, J. (2026). FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression. Oncology Letters, 32, 422. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15777
MLA
Hu, N., Li, L., Hao, J., Li, L., Pan, M., He, J."FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression". Oncology Letters 32.3 (2026): 422.
Chicago
Hu, N., Li, L., Hao, J., Li, L., Pan, M., He, J."FOXA2 enhances anoikis sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells: Dual role of ABCA8 upregulation and NOX4 suppression". Oncology Letters 32, no. 3 (2026): 422. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15777
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