Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
July-August 2010 Volume 1 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-August 2010 Volume 1 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells

  • Authors:
    • Chuan-Jiang Yu
    • Su-Juan Ye
    • Zhi-Hua Feng
    • Wen-Jing Ou
    • Xi-Kun Zhou
    • Ling-Dong Li
    • Yong-Qiu Mao
    • Wen Zhu
    • Yu-Quan Wei
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Sichuan, P.R. China
  • Pages: 755-760
    |
    Published online on: July 1, 2010
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol_00000132
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the most highly malignant tumors, and a significant threat to human health. Lung cancer patients often exhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis, which often render current treatments ineffective. Recently, the beneficial effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on cancer metastasis were reported in pre-clinical research studies. LMWH may be a potential drug for cancer therapy. However, the mechanism of LMWH on the invasion and metastasis of cancer has yet to be determined. This study investigated the effects of Fraxiparine on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. MTT assay and flow cytometry showed that Fraxiparine slightly inhibited the cell viability dose- and time-dependently, but did not arrest the A549 cells in the G1 phase nor induce early apoptosis. The transwell chamber assay showed that Fraxiparine significantly suppressed the invasion and migration of the A549 cells in vitro. Fraxiparine also markedly inhibited the adhesion of the A549 cells to Matrigel. The RT-PCR assay demonstrated that the reduction in invasion and metastasis may be related to the up-regulation of nm23-H1 and the down-regulation of the heparanase expression. Moreover, the RT-PCR assay and Western blot analysis demonstrated that down-regulation of the expression of integrin β1 and β3, as well as that of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 may be responsible for the inhibition of the invasion and metastasis of A549 cells by Fraxiparine.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC, Ghafoor A, Feuer EJ and Thun MJ: Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 55:10–30. 2005.

2 

Rabenstein DL: Heparin and heparan sulfate: structure and function. Nat Prod Rep. 19:312–331. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hirsh J, Warkentin TE, Shaughnessy SG, Anand SS, Halperin JL, Raschke R, Granger C, Ohman EM and Dalen JE: Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy and safety. Chest. 119:S64–S94. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Akl EA, Rohilla S, Barba M, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Muti P, Bdair F and Schünemann HJ: Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a systematic review. Cancer. 113:1685–1694. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Robert F, Busby E, Marques MB, Reynolds RE and Carey DE: Phase II study of docetaxel plus enoxaparin in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: preliminary results. Lung Cancer. 42:237–245. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Altinbas M, Coskun HS, Er M, Ozkan O, Eser B, Unal A, Cetin M and Soyuer S: A randomized clinical trial of combination chemotherapy with and without low-molecular-weight heparin in small cell lung cancer. J Thromb Haemost. 2:1266–1271. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Akl EA, van Doormaal FF, Barba M, Kamath G, Kim SY, Kuipers S, Middeldorp S, Yosuico V, Dickinson HO and Schünemann HJ: Parenteral anticoagulation may prolong the survival of patients with limited small cell lung cancer: a Cochrane systematic review. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 27:42008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Von Tempelhoff GF, Harenberg J, Niemann F, Hommel G, Kirkpatrick CJ and Heilmann L: Effect of low molecular weight heparin (Certoparin) versus unfractionated heparin on cancer survival following breast and pelvic cancer surgery: A prospective randomized double-blind trial. Int J Oncol. 16:815–824. 2000.

9 

Nagy Z, Turcsik V and Blaskó G: The effect of LMWH (Nadroparin) on tumor progression. Pathol Oncol Res. 15:689–692. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Constantini S, Kanner A, Friedman A, Shoshan Y, Israel Z, Ashkenazi E, Gertel M, Even A, Shevach Y, Shalit M, Umansky F and Rappaport ZH: Safety of perioperative minidose heparin in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery: a prospective, randomized double-blind study. J Neurosurg. 94:918–921. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Kakkar AK, Levine MN, Kadziola Z, Lemoine NR, Low V, Patel HK, Rustin G, Thomas M, Quigley M and Williamson RC: Low molecular weight heparin, therapy with dalteparin, and survival in advanced cancer: the Fragmin Advanced Malignancy Outcome Study (FAMOUS). J Clin Oncol. 22:1944–1948. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Klerk CP, Smorenburg SM, Otten HM, Lensing AW, Prins MH, Piovella F, Prandoni P, Bos MM, Richel DJ, van Tienhoven G and Büller HR: The effect of low molecular weight heparin on survival in patients with advanced malignancy. J Clin Oncol. 23:2130–2135. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kuderer NM, Ortel TL and Francis CW: Impact of venous thromboembolism and anticoagulation on cancer and cancer survival. J Clin Oncol. 27:4902–4911. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kragh M, Binderup L, Vig Hjarnaa PJ, Bramm E, Johansen KB and Frimundt Petersen C: Non-anti-coagulant heparin inhibits metastasis but not primary tumor growth. Oncol Rep. 14:99–104. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Ludwig RJ, Boehme B, Podda M, Henschler R, Jager E, Tandi C, Boehncke WH, Zollner TM, Kaufmann R and Gille J: Endothelial p-selectin as a target of heparin action in experimental melanoma lung metastasis. Cancer Res. 64:2743–2750. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Mellor P, Harvey JR, Murphy KJ, Pye D, O’Boyle G, Lennard TWJ, Kirby JA and Ali S: Modulatory effects of heparin and short-length oligosaccharides of heparin on the metastasis and growth of LMD MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells in vivo. Br J Cancer. 97:761–768. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Smorenburg SM, Vink R, Otten HM, Swaneveld F and Büller HR: The effects of vitamin K antagonists on survival of patients with malignancy: a systematic analysis. Thromb Haemost. 86:1586–1587. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Niers TM, Klerk CP, DiNisio M, van Noorden CJ, Büller HR, Reitsma PH and Richel DJ: Mechanisms of heparin-induced anti-cancer activity in experimental cancer models. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 61:195–207. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Takahashi H, Ebihara S, Okazaki T and Yamaya M: A comparison of the effects of unfractionated heparin, dalteparin and danaparoid on vascular endothelial growth factor-induced tumor angiogenesis and heparanase activity. Br J Pharmacol. 146:333–343. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Mousa SA and Petersen LJ: Anti-cancer properties of low-molecular-weight heparin: preclinical evidence. Thromb Haemost. 102:258–267. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Hostettler N, Naggi A, Torri G, Ishai-Michaeli R, Casu B, Vlodavsky I and Borsig L: P-selectin- and heparanase-dependent antimetastatic activity of non-anticoagulant heparins. FASEB J. 21:3562–3572. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Stevenson JL, Choi SH and Varki A: Differential metastasis inhibition by clinically relevant levels of heparins – correlation with selectin inhibition, not antithrombotic activity. Clin Cancer Res. 11:7003–7011. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Vlodavsky I, Goldshmidt O, Zcharia E, Atzmon R, Rangini-Guatta Z, Elkin M, Peretz T and Friedmann Y: Mammalian heparanase: involvement in cancer metastasis, angiogenesis and normal development. Semin Cancer Biol. 12:121–129. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Sasaki M, Ito T, Kashima M and Miura M: Erythromycin and clarithromycin modulation of growth factor-induced expression of heparanase mRNA on human lung cancer cells in vitro. Mediators Inflamm. 10:259–267. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Edovitsky E, Elkin M, Zcharia E, Peretz T and Vlodavsky I: Heparanase gene silencing, tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 96:1219–1230. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Joyce JA, Freeman C, Meyer-Morse N, Parish CR and Hanahan D: A functional heparan sulfate mimetic implicates both heparanase and heparan sulfate in tumor angiogenesis and invasion in a mouse model of multistage cancer. Oncogene. 24:4037–4051. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Uno F, Fujiwara T, Takata Y, Ohtani S, Katsuda K, Takaoka M, Ohkawa T, Naomoto Y, Nakajima M and Tanaka N: Antisense-mediated suppression of human heparanase gene expression inhibits pleural dissemination of human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 61:7855–7860. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Steeg PS, Bevilacqua G, Kopper L, Thorgeirsson UP, Talmadge JE, Liotta LA and Sobel ME: Evidence for a novel gene associated with low tumor metastatic potential. J Natl Cancer Inst. 80:200–204. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Kawakubo Y, Sato Y, Koh T, Kono H and Kameya T: Expression of nm23 protein in pulmonary adenocarcinomas: inverse correlation to tumor progression. Lung Cancer. 17:103–113. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Steeg PS, Ouatas T, Halverson D, Palmieri D and Salerno M: Metastasis suppressor genes: basic biology and potential clinical use. Clin Breast Cancer. 4:51–62. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Ma W, Chen J, Xue X, Wang Z, Liu H, Wang T, Bai Y, Tang SC and Zhou Q: Alteration in gene expression profile and biological behavior in human lung cancer cell line NL9980 by nm23-H1 gene silencing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 371:425–430. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Humphries MJ: Integrin structure. Biochem Soc Trans. 28:311–339. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Giancotti FG and Ruoslahti E: Integrin signaling. Science. 285:1028–1032. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Miranti CK and Brugge JS: Sensing the environment: a historical perspective on integrin signal transduction. Nat Cell Biol. 4:E83–E90. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Westermarck J and Kähäri VM: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in tumor invasion. FASEB J. 13:781–792. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zeng ZS, Cohen AM and Guillem JG: Loss of basement membrane type IV collagen is associated with increased expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) during human colorectal tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis. 20:749–755. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Fareed J, Leong WL, Hoppensteadt DA, Jeske WP, Walenga J, Wahi R and Bick RL: Generic low-molecular-weight heparins: some practical considerations. Semin Thromb Hemost. 30:703–713. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Deepa PR and Varalakshmi P: The cytoprotective role of a low-molecular-weight heparin fragment studied in an experimental model of glomerulotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol. 478:199–205. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yu C, Ye S, Feng Z, Ou W, Zhou X, Li L, Mao Y, Zhu W and Wei Y: Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells . Oncol Lett 1: 755-760, 2010.
APA
Yu, C., Ye, S., Feng, Z., Ou, W., Zhou, X., Li, L. ... Wei, Y. (2010). Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells . Oncology Letters, 1, 755-760. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol_00000132
MLA
Yu, C., Ye, S., Feng, Z., Ou, W., Zhou, X., Li, L., Mao, Y., Zhu, W., Wei, Y."Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells ". Oncology Letters 1.4 (2010): 755-760.
Chicago
Yu, C., Ye, S., Feng, Z., Ou, W., Zhou, X., Li, L., Mao, Y., Zhu, W., Wei, Y."Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells ". Oncology Letters 1, no. 4 (2010): 755-760. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol_00000132
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yu C, Ye S, Feng Z, Ou W, Zhou X, Li L, Mao Y, Zhu W and Wei Y: Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells . Oncol Lett 1: 755-760, 2010.
APA
Yu, C., Ye, S., Feng, Z., Ou, W., Zhou, X., Li, L. ... Wei, Y. (2010). Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells . Oncology Letters, 1, 755-760. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol_00000132
MLA
Yu, C., Ye, S., Feng, Z., Ou, W., Zhou, X., Li, L., Mao, Y., Zhu, W., Wei, Y."Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells ". Oncology Letters 1.4 (2010): 755-760.
Chicago
Yu, C., Ye, S., Feng, Z., Ou, W., Zhou, X., Li, L., Mao, Y., Zhu, W., Wei, Y."Effect of Fraxiparine, a type of low molecular weight heparin, on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells ". Oncology Letters 1, no. 4 (2010): 755-760. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol_00000132
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team