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Article

Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Yong-Jiu Tu
    • Xia Fan
    • Xue Yang
    • Chun Zhang
    • Hua-Ping Liang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. Chin
  • Pages: 481-490
    |
    Published online on: November 6, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2125
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Abstract

Autophagy is a self-defense mechanism that provides nutrition and energy for cell survival by recycling the cytoplasm and organelles. Hence, chemotherapy is rendered less effective against cancer cells. Evodiamine is a previously described biological agent that possesses a cytotoxic activity in multiple cancer cells. However, little is known about evodiamine-induced autophagy in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. In this study, LLC cells and a xenograft model were used. By use of a panel of techniques such as MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, immunocytochemistry and TUNEL assay, the effects on the induction of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated. We demonstrated that evodiamine inhibited LLC cell growth and induced apoptosis through caspase-independent manner in vitro and caspase-dependent pathway in vivo. In addition, we showed for the first time that evodiamine promoted autophagosome formation by enhancing the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II and upregulating the expression of autophagy-specific genes (Atgs). Moreover, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated evodiamine-induced autophagy through decreasing the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. The inhibition of autophagy was found to increase cell death and enhance evodiamine-induced apoptosis in vitro in a caspase-independent manner and in vivo in a caspase-dependent manner. In conclusion, evodiamine promoted autophagy in LLC cells and autophagy inhibition enhanced evodiamine-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that evodiamine-induced autophagy plays a cytoprotective role in LLC cells and evodiamine combined with autophagy inhibitor therapy could increase the chemosensitivity of LLC cells.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tu Y, Fan X, Yang X, Zhang C and Liang H: Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 29: 481-490, 2013.
APA
Tu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, X., Zhang, C., & Liang, H. (2013). Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Oncology Reports, 29, 481-490. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2125
MLA
Tu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, X., Zhang, C., Liang, H."Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 29.2 (2013): 481-490.
Chicago
Tu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, X., Zhang, C., Liang, H."Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 29, no. 2 (2013): 481-490. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2125
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tu Y, Fan X, Yang X, Zhang C and Liang H: Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 29: 481-490, 2013.
APA
Tu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, X., Zhang, C., & Liang, H. (2013). Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Oncology Reports, 29, 481-490. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2125
MLA
Tu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, X., Zhang, C., Liang, H."Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 29.2 (2013): 481-490.
Chicago
Tu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, X., Zhang, C., Liang, H."Evodiamine activates autophagy as a cytoprotective response in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 29, no. 2 (2013): 481-490. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2125
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