Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
February 2013 Volume 29 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February 2013 Volume 29 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels

  • Authors:
    • Emilia Hadziyannis
    • Konstantinos Sialevris
    • Anastasia Georgiou
    • John Koskinas
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Academic Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
  • Pages: 835-839
    |
    Published online on: November 20, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2147
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Serum fraction of α-fetoprotein L3 (AFP-L3%) and des-γ carboxyprothrombin (DCP) are proposed serum markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated their performance in two patient populations with total AFP levels non-diagnostic for HCC. From a cohort of 150 consecutive patients with HCC, 60 patients with total AFP <200 ng/ml were identified. Additionally, 50 patients with elevated AFP and no radiological evidence of HCC, for at least one year of follow-up, were included. AFP-L3% and DCP were measured by the Liquid Phase Binding Assay System (LiBASys). In cases where AFP-L3% was undetectable, a more sensitive method based on-chip electrokinetic reaction was applied. AFP-L3% was found to be positive in 22 (36.7%) of patients with HCC and 6 (12%) of non-HCC patients. DCP was found to be positive in 26 patients with HCC (43%) and in none of the non-HCC patients. Thirty-six out of sixty (60%) patients with HCC were positive for either AFP-L3% or DCP. With the on-chip technology, AFP-L3% was found to be positive in 10 patients with HCC and in 5 patients without HCC, who tested negative by LiBASys. The final sensitivity of combined AFP, AFP-L3% and DCP testing, in the entire cohort of patients with HCC, was 84%. The specificity of AFP-L3% and DCP in the studied population was 78.5 and 100%, respectively. The addition of AFP-L3% and DCP increased the sensitivity and specificity of total serum AFP for the diagnosis of HCC. The on chip AFP-L3% assay was more sensitive but less specific compared to LiBASys.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Gomaa AI, Khan SA, Toledano MB, Waked I and Taylor-Robinson SD: Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol. 14:4300–4308. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Bruix J and Sherman M: Practice Guidelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 42:1208–1236. 2005.

3 

Bruix J and Sherman M: American Association for the Study of the Liver. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology. 53:1020–1022. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Colli A, Fraquelli M, Casazza G, Massironi S, Colucci A, Conte D and Duca P: Accuracy of ultrasonography, spiral CT, magnetic resonance, and alpha-fetoprotein in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 101:513–523. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Nicolau C, Vilana R, Bianchi L and Brú C: Early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: the high accuracy of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the assessment of response to percutaneous treatment. Eur Radiol. 17(Suppl 6): F80–F88. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Maruyama H, Yoshikawa M and Yokosuka O: Current role of ultrasound for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 14:1710–1719. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kim SK, Kim SH, Lee WJ, Kim H, Seo JW, Choi D, Lim HK, Lee SJ and Lim JH: Preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: ferumoxides-enhanced versus mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 179:741–750. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Snowberger N, Chinnakotla S, Lepe RM, Peattie J, Goldstein R, Klintmalm GB and Davis GL: Alpha fetoprotein, ultrasound, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 26:1187–1194. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Kudo M: The 2008 Okuda lecture: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: from surveillance to molecular targeted therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25:439–452. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Trevisani F, D’Intino PE, Morselli-Labate AM, Mazzella G, Accogli E, Caraceni P, Domenicali M, De Notariis S, Roda E and Bernardi M: Serum alpha-fetoprotein for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: influence of HBsAg and anti-HCV status. J Hepatol. 34:570–575. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Gambarin-Gelwan M, Wolf DC, Shapiro R, Schwartz ME and Min AD: Sensitivity of commonly available screening tests in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol. 95:1535–1538. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Taketa K: Alpha-fetoprotein: reevaluation in hepatology. Hepatology. 12:1420–1432. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Li D, Mallory T and Satomura S: AFP-L3: a new generation of tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta. 313:15–19. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Malaguarnera G, Giordano M, Paladina I, Berretta M, Cappellani A and Malaguarnera M: Serum markers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 55:2744–2755. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Stefaniuk P, Cianciara J and Wiercinska-Drapalo A: Present and future possibilities for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 16:418–424. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Tateishi R, Yoshida H, Matsuyama Y, Mine N, Kondo Y and Omata M: Diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Hepatol Int. 2:17–30. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Huo TI, Hsia CY, Chu CJ, Huang YH, Lui WY, Wu JC, Lee PC, Chi CW and Lee SD: The predictive ability of serum alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma is linked with the characteristics of the target population at surveillance. J Surg Oncol. 95:645–651. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Volk ML, Hernandez JC, Su GL, Lok AS and Marrero JA: Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma may impair the performance of biomarkers: a comparison of AFP, DCP, and AFP-L3. Cancer Biomark. 3:79–87. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Raptis I, Koskinas J, Emmanouil T and Hadziyannis S: Changing relative roles of hepatitis B and C viruses in the aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Greece. Epidemiological and clinical observations. J Viral Hepat. 10:450–454. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Yamagata Y, Shimizu K, Nakamura K, Henmi F, Satomura S, Matsuura S and Tanaka M: Simultaneous determination of percentage of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein concentration using the LiBASys clinical auto-analyzer. Clin Chim Acta. 327:59–67. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Owen WE, Roberts RF and Roberts WL: Performance characteristics of the LiBASys des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin assay. Clin Chim Acta. 389:183–185. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kagebayashi C, Yamaguchi I, Akinaga A, Kitano H, Yokoyama K, Satomura M, Kurosawa T, Watanabe M, Kawabata T, Chang W, Li C, Bousse L, Wada HG and Satomura S: Automated immunoassay system for AFP-L3% using on-chip electrokinetic reaction and separation by affinity electrophoresis. Anal Biochem. 388:306–311. 2009.

23 

Eleftheriou N, Heathcote J, Thomas HC and Sherlock S: Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. Relation to hepatocellular regeneration and development of primary liver cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 30:704–708. 1977. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Hsieh SY, He JR, Yu MC, Lee WC, Chen TC, Lo SJ, Bera R, Sung CM and Chiu CT: Secreted ERBB3 isoforms are serum markers for early hepatoma in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. J Proteome Res. 10:4715–4724. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Jirun P, Zhang G, Kim HK, Ha SA, Zhongtian J, Shishi Q, Zhuqingqing C, Lei G, Yoo J, Kim S, Park YG, Wang J, Yang Y, Xu Z, Huang Z, Lee YK, Song EY and Kim JW: Clinical utility of alpha fetoprotein and HCCR-1, alone or in combination, in patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dis Markers. 30:307–315. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Hua D, Hu Y, Wu YY, Cheng ZH, Yu J, Du X and Huang ZH: Quantitative methylation analysis of multiple genes using methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-based quantitative PCR for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol. 9:455–460. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Qu KZ, Zhang K, Li H, Afdhal NH and Albitar M: Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol. 45:355–360. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Liu T, Xue R, Dong L, Wu H, Zhang D and Shen X: Rapid determination of serological cytokine biomarkers for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma using antibody microarrays. Acta Biochim Biophys. 43:45–51. 2011.

29 

Yasmin Anum MY, Looi ML, Nor Aini AH, Merican I, Wahidah A, Mohd Radzi AH, Nor Azizah A and Othman NH: Combined assessment of TGF-beta-1 and alpha-fetoprotein values improves specificity in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and other chronic liver diseases in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia. 64:223–227. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Kang X, Sun L, Guo K, Shu H, Yao J, Qin X and Liu Y: Serum protein biomarkers screening in HCC patients with liver cirrhosis by ICAT-LC-MS/MS. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 136:1151–1159. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Subwongcharoen S, Leelawat K, Treepongkaruna SA and Narong S: Serum AFP and AFP-L3 in clinically distinguished hepatocellular carcinoma from patients with liver masses. J Med Assoc Thai. 94:S46–S51. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Tanwandee T, Setthasin S, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Chainuvati S, Leelakusolvong S, Pausawasdi N, Srikureja W, Pongprasobchai S, Manatsathit S, Kachintorn U, Ekpo P and Senawong S: Clinical utility of lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation in a Thai referral population. J Med Assoc Thai. 92:S49–S56. 2009.

33 

Sterling RK, Jeffers L, Gordon F, Venook AP, Reddy KR, Satomura S and Kanke F: Utility of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, alone or in combination, as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7:104–113. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Donati M, Brancato G and Donati A: Clinical biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Front Biosci. 2:571–577. 2011.

35 

Tamura Y, Igarashi M, Kawai H, Suda T, Satomura S and Aoyagi Y: Clinical advantage of highly sensitive on-chip immunoassay for fucosylated fraction of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 55:3576–3583. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Toyoda H, Kumada T, Tada T, Kaneoka Y, Maeda A, Kanke F and Satomura S: Clinical utility of highly sensitive Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with alpha-fetoprotein <20 ng/ml. Cancer Sci. 102:1025–1031. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Oda K, Ido A, Tamai T, Matsushita M, Kumagai K, Mawatari S, Saishoji A, Kure T, Ohno K, Toyokura E, Imanaka D, Moriuchi A, Uto H, Oketani M, Hashiguchi T and Tsubouchi H: Highly sensitive lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive α-fetoprotein is useful for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease. Oncol Rep. 26:1227–1233. 2011.

38 

Morimoto M, Numata K, Nozaki A, Kondo M, Moriya S, Taguri M, Morita S, Konno M, Sugo A, Miyajima E, Maeda S and Tanaka K: Novel Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of α-fetoprotein: a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in patients with low α-fetoprotein concentrations. Int J Clin Oncol. 17:373–379. 2012.

39 

Kobayashi M, Hosaka T, Ikeda K, Seko Y, Kawamura Y, Sezaki H, Akuta N, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, Saitoh S, Arase Y and Kumada H: Highly sensitive AFP-L3% assay is useful for predicting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment pre- and postoperatively. Hepatol Res. 41:1036–1045. 2011.

40 

Tong MJ, Sun HE, Hsien C and Lu DS: Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma improves survival in Asian-American patients with hepatitis B: results from a community-based clinic. Dig Dis Sci. 55:826–835. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Toyoda H, Kumada T, Osaki Y, Oka H and Kudo M: Role of tumor markers in assessment of tumor progression and prediction of outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 37(Suppl 2): S166–S171. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Shiina S, Tateishi R, Arano T, Uchino K, Enooku K, Nakagawa H, Asaoka Y, Sato T, Masuzaki R, Kondo Y, Goto T, Yoshida H, Omata M and Koike K: Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: 10-year outcome and prognostic factors. Am J Gastroenterol. 107:569–577. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hadziyannis E, Sialevris K, Georgiou A and Koskinas J: Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels. Oncol Rep 29: 835-839, 2013.
APA
Hadziyannis, E., Sialevris, K., Georgiou, A., & Koskinas, J. (2013). Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels. Oncology Reports, 29, 835-839. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2147
MLA
Hadziyannis, E., Sialevris, K., Georgiou, A., Koskinas, J."Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels". Oncology Reports 29.2 (2013): 835-839.
Chicago
Hadziyannis, E., Sialevris, K., Georgiou, A., Koskinas, J."Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels". Oncology Reports 29, no. 2 (2013): 835-839. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2147
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hadziyannis E, Sialevris K, Georgiou A and Koskinas J: Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels. Oncol Rep 29: 835-839, 2013.
APA
Hadziyannis, E., Sialevris, K., Georgiou, A., & Koskinas, J. (2013). Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels. Oncology Reports, 29, 835-839. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2147
MLA
Hadziyannis, E., Sialevris, K., Georgiou, A., Koskinas, J."Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels". Oncology Reports 29.2 (2013): 835-839.
Chicago
Hadziyannis, E., Sialevris, K., Georgiou, A., Koskinas, J."Analysis of serum α-fetoprotein-L3% and des-γ carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading hepatocellular carcinoma total α-fetoprotein levels". Oncology Reports 29, no. 2 (2013): 835-839. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2147
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team