Mesenchymal stem cells induce tumor stroma formation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through SPARC expression in colorectal cancer

Naito,Toshikatsu; Yuge,Ryo; Kitadai,Yasuhiko; Takigawa,Hidehiko; Higashi,Yukihito; Kuwai,Toshio; Kuraoka,Kazuya; Tanaka,Shinji; Chayama,Kazuaki

doi:10.3892/or.2021.8055

Mesenchymal stem cells induce tumor stroma formation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through SPARC expression in colorectal cancer

Authors:
- Toshikatsu Naito
- Ryo Yuge
- Yasuhiko Kitadai
- Hidehiko Takigawa
- Yukihito Higashi
- Toshio Kuwai
- Kazuya Kuraoka
- Shinji Tanaka
- Kazuaki Chayama
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Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan, Department of Endoscopy and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan, Department of Health Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8558, Japan, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center, Hiroshima 737‑0023, Japan, Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center, Hiroshima 737‑0023, Japan
Published online on: April 16, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8055
Article Number: 104
Copyright: © Naito et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Tumor‑stroma interactions serve a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), in which secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been implicated. Due to interactions between cancer and stromal cells [mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)], SPARC gene expression is markedly upregulated in CRC cells. The present study investigated the role of SPARC in CRC development and its potential as a biomarker. Specifically, the present study examined the association between SPARC expression and clinicopathological characteristics in 42 cases of CRC. SPARC expression in cancer cells was associated with T grade, N grade (TNM classification), stage and poor prognosis. Furthermore, the area of fibroblast‑activating protein‑positive staining around the cancer cells was increased in SPARC‑positive compared with SPARC‑negative cases. Proliferation and wound healing assays in SPARC‑silenced KM12SM cells [short hairpin RNA SPARC (shSPARC)], the reduced SPARC expression of which was demonstrated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, revealed that the proliferative and migratory capacity of shSPARC cells did not differ from that of wild‑type (WT) cells. However, it was markedly reduced when co‑cultured with MSCs. Furthermore, in vivo, immunohistological analysis and RNA sequencing were conducted in an orthotopic implanted mouse model. Tumor growth and lymph node metastasis were markedly suppressed in shSPARC‑transplanted tumors compared with WT‑transplanted tumors, with a more marked suppression observed following shSPARC co‑transplantation with MSCs. Immunohistological examination further revealed that the stromal reaction and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) were markedly suppressed in tumors co‑transplanted with shSPARC and MSCs, and these results were consistent with RNA sequencing using RNA extracted from orthotopic tumors. Overall, these results suggested that SPARC expression in CRC cells is dependent on the interaction between cancer cells and stromal cells to induce EMT and promote stromal formation in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting its suitability as a novel target molecule for CRC treatment.

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