Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
April-2022 Volume 47 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2022 Volume 47 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α

  • Authors:
    • Lun Zhang
    • Wunai Zhang
    • Xin Zhang
    • Yihe Min
    • Yang Zhao
    • Baofeng Wang
    • Wei Li
    • Shuai Mao
    • Weili Min
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404100, P.R. China, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 64
    |
    Published online on: January 27, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8275
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal diseases, with a 5‑year survival rate of <9%. Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common pathological hallmark of PC and is correlated with a poor prognosis in this disease. Hyperglycemia has been shown to promote the invasion and migration of PC cells; however, the effect of hyperglycemia on the PNI of PC and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Transwell and wound‑healing assays were performed to detect the influence of hyperglycemia on the invasion and migration ability of PC cells. An in vitro PC‑dorsal root ganglion (DRG) co‑culture system and an in vivo PNI sciatic nerve‑infiltrating tumor model were used to evaluate the severity of PNI in hyperglycemic conditions. In the results, hyperglycemia promoted the invasion/migration ability and elevated the expression of NGF in PC by upregulating HIF1α. Moreover, in vitro short‑term hyperglycemia caused little damage on the DRG axons and accelerated both the PNI of the PC and the outgrowth of the DRGs by increasing the expression of NGF via activation of HIF1α. Indeed, in vivo long‑term hyperglycemia promoted the infiltration and growth of PC, and then disrupted the function of the sciatic nerve in a HIF1α‑dependent manner. In conclusion, a high‑glucose microenvironment promotes PNI of PC via activation of HIF1α.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 69:7–34. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Torgeson A, Garrido-Laguna I, Tao R, Cannon GM, Scaife CL and Lloyd S: Value of surgical resection and timing of therapy in patients with pancreatic cancer at high risk for positive margins. ESMO Open. 3:e0002822018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kamisawa T, Wood LD, Itoi T and Takaori K: Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 388:73–85. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Liebig C, Ayala G, Wilks JA, Berger DH and Albo D: Perineural invasion in cancer: A review of the literature. Cancer. 115:3379–3391. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Liebl F, D'Haese JG, Maak M and Friess H: Neural invasion in pancreatic cancer: The past, present and future. Cancers (Basel). 2:1513–1527. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Liang D, Shi S, Xu J, Zhang B, Qin Y, Ji S, Xu W, Liu J, Liu L, Liu C, et al: New insights into perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer: More than pain. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1865:111–122. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Jurcak N and Zheng L: Signaling in the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer: Transmitting along the nerve. Pharmacol Ther. 200:126–134. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Saloman JL, Albers KM, Rhim AD and Davis BM: Can stopping nerves, stop cancer. Trends Neurosci. 39:880–889. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Nan L, Qin T, Xiao Y, Qian W, Li J, Wang Z, Ma J, Ma Q and Wu Z: Pancreatic stellate cells facilitate perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via HGF/c-Met pathway. Cell Transplant. 28:1289–1298. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Nagakawa T, Kayahara M, Ueno K, Ohta T, Konishi I and Miyazaki I: Clinicopathological study on neural invasion to the extrapancreatic nerve plexus in pancreatic cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 39:51–55. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Scappaticcio L, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Giugliano D and Esposito K: Insights into the relationships between diabetes, prediabetes, and cancer. Endocrine. 56:231–239. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Huang Y, Cai X, Qiu M, Chen P, Tang H, Hu Y and Huang Y: Prediabetes and the risk of cancer: A meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 57:2261–2269. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Prizment AE, Gross M, Rasmussen-Torvik L, Peacock JM and Anderson KE: Genes related to diabetes may be associated with pancreatic cancer in a population-based case-control study in Minnesota. Pancreas. 41:50–53. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Li W, Zhang X, Sang H, Zhou Y, Shang C, Wang Y and Zhu H: Effects of hyperglycemia on the progression of tumor diseases. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 38:3272019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Li J, Ma Q, Liu H, Guo K, Li F, Li W, Han L, Wang F and Wu E: Relationship between neural alteration and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer patients with hyperglycemia. PLoS One. 6:e173852011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Li J, Ma J, Han L, Xu Q, Lei J, Duan W, Li W, Wang F, Wu E, Ma Q and Huo X: Hyperglycemic tumor microenvironment induces perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 16:912–921. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Larrieta ME, Vital P, Mendoza-Rodríguez A, Cerbón M and Hiriart M: Nerve growth factor increases in pancreatic beta cells after streptozotocin-induced damage in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 231:396–402. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Dang C, Zhang Y, Ma Q and Shimahara Y: Expression of nerve growth factor receptors is correlated with progression and prognosis of human pancreatic cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 21:850–858. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Li X, Wang Z, Ma Q, Xu Q, Liu H, Duan W, Lei J, Ma J, Wang X, Lv S, et al: Sonic hedgehog paracrine signaling activates stromal cells to promote perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 20:4326–4338. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zhou C, Qian W, Li J, Ma J, Chen X, Jiang Z, Cheng L, Duan W, Wang Z, Wu Z, et al: High glucose microenvironment accelerates tumor growth via SREBP1-autophagy axis in pancreatic cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 38:3022019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Li W, Liu H, Qian W, Cheng L, Yan B, Han L, Xu Q, Ma Q and Ma J: Hyperglycemia aggravates microenvironment hypoxia and promotes the metastatic ability of pancreatic cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 16:479–487. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Ilic M and Ilic I: Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 22:9694–9705. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Xu WN, Zheng HL, Yang RZ, Jiang LS and Jiang SD: HIF-1α regulates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through PDK1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 28:9222020. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Wolfgang CL, Herman JM, Laheru DA, Klein AP, Erdek MA, Fishman EK and Hruban RH: Recent progress in pancreatic cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 63:318–348. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Yang YH, Liu JB, Gui Y, Lei LL and Zhang SJ: Relationship between autophagy and perineural invasion, clinicopathological features, and prognosis in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 23:7232–7241. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Deborde S, Omelchenko T, Lyubchik A, Zhou Y, He S, McNamara WF, Chernichenko N, Lee SY, Barajas F, Chen CH, et al: Schwann cells induce cancer cell dispersion and invasion. J Clin Invest. 126:1538–1554. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Demir IE, Friess H and Ceyhan GO: Neural plasticity in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12:649–659. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zhu Y, Colak T, Shenoy M, Liu L, Pai R, Li C, Mehta K and Pasricha PJ: Nerve growth factor modulates TRPV1 expression and function and mediates pain in chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 141:370–377. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Bressy C, Lac S, Nigri J, Leca J, Roques J, Lavaut MN, Secq V, Guillaumond F, Bui TT, Pietrasz D, et al: LIF drives neural remodeling in pancreatic cancer and offers a new candidate biomarker. Cancer Res. 78:909–921. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Amit M, Na'ara S, Leider-Trejo L, Binenbaum Y, Kulish N, Fridman E, Shabtai-Orbach A, Wong RJ and Gil Z: Upregulation of RET induces perineurial invasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncogene. 36:3232–3239. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Pinho AV, Van Bulck M, Chantrill L, Arshi M, Sklyarova T, Herrmann D, Vennin C, Gallego-Ortega D, Mawson A, Giry-Laterriere M, et al: ROBO2 is a stroma suppressor gene in the pancreas and acts via TGF-β signalling. Nat Commun. 9:50832018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Cavel O, Shomron O, Shabtay A, Vital J, Trejo-Leider L, Weizman N, Krelin Y, Fong Y, Wong RJ, Amit M and Gil Z: Endoneurial macrophages induce perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by secretion of GDNF and activation of RET tyrosine kinase receptor. Cancer Res. 72:5733–5743. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

De Oliveira T, Abiatari I, Raulefs S, Sauliunaite D, Erkan M, Kong B, Friess H, Michalski CW and Kleeff J: Syndecan-2 promotes perineural invasion and cooperates with K-ras to induce an invasive pancreatic cancer cell phenotype. Mol Cancer. 11:192012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Saloman JL, Albers KM, Li D, Hartman DJ, Crawford HC, Muha EA, Rhim AD and Davis BM: Ablation of sensory neurons in a genetic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma slows initiation and progression of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 113:3078–383. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Demir IE, Boldis A, Pfitzinger PL, Teller S, Brunner E, Klose N, Kehl T, Maak M, Lesina M, Laschinger M, et al: Investigation of Schwann cells at neoplastic cell sites before the onset of cancer invasion. J Natl Cancer Inst. 106:dju1842014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Meier JJ and Giese A: Diabetes associated with pancreatic diseases. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 31:400–406. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Pavlova NN and Thompson CB: The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism. Cell Metab. 23:27–47. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Chen X, Wanggou S, Bodalia A, Zhu M, Dong W, Fan JJ, Yin WC, Min HK, Hu M, Draghici D, et al: A Feedforward mechanism mediated by mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 and tissue mechanics promotes glioma aggression. Neuron. 100:799–815.e7. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Li J and Ma Q: Hyperglycemia promotes the perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. Med Hypotheses. 71:386–389. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang X, Min Y, Zhao Y, Wang B, Li W, Mao S and Min W: High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α. Oncol Rep 47: 64, 2022.
APA
Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Min, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, B. ... Min, W. (2022). High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α. Oncology Reports, 47, 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8275
MLA
Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Min, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, B., Li, W., Mao, S., Min, W."High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α". Oncology Reports 47.4 (2022): 64.
Chicago
Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Min, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, B., Li, W., Mao, S., Min, W."High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α". Oncology Reports 47, no. 4 (2022): 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8275
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang X, Min Y, Zhao Y, Wang B, Li W, Mao S and Min W: High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α. Oncol Rep 47: 64, 2022.
APA
Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Min, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, B. ... Min, W. (2022). High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α. Oncology Reports, 47, 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8275
MLA
Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Min, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, B., Li, W., Mao, S., Min, W."High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α". Oncology Reports 47.4 (2022): 64.
Chicago
Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Min, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, B., Li, W., Mao, S., Min, W."High‑glucose microenvironment promotes perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α". Oncology Reports 47, no. 4 (2022): 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8275
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team