Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
April-2022 Volume 47 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2022 Volume 47 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer

  • Authors:
    • Gui-Feng Su
    • Ze-Xiu Huang
    • Deng-Liang Huang
    • Peng-Xiao Chen
    • Yao Wang
    • Yi-Fei Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China, Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Su et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 83
    |
    Published online on: February 25, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8294
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cepharanthine, a biscoclaurine alkaloid isolated from the roots of Stephania cephalantha Hayata, has been reported to demonstrate antitumor activity across multiple cancer types; however, the mechanisms are still under investigation. High transcriptional responses by both the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways are frequently associated with specific human cancers, including liver cancer. To investigate whether these signaling pathways are involved in the pharmaceutical action of cepharanthine, we investigated Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in models of liver cancer treated with a semi‑synthetic cepharanthine derivative, cepharanthine hydrochloride (CH), in vitro and in vivo. By using MTT cytotoxic, scratch, Transwell, colony formation and flow cytometry assays, the pharmaceutical effect of CH was assessed. The compound was found to inhibit cellular proliferation and invasion, and promote apoptosis. Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that CH suppressed the Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling pathway by inhibiting Gli1 transcription and its transcriptional activity. CH also inhibited Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, and the pathway was found to be an upstream regulator of Hedgehog signaling in CH‑treated liver cancer cells. Finally, the antitumor effects of CH were demonstrated in an in vivo xenograft tumor model. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that Gli1 protein levels were diminished in CH‑treated xenografts, compared with that noted in the controls. In summary, our results highlight a novel pharmaceutical antitumor mechanism of cepharanthine and provide support for CH as a clinical therapy for refractory liver cancer and other Wnt/Hedgehog‑driven cancers.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:7–30. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Daher S, Massarwa M, Benson AA and Khoury T: Current and future treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An updated comprehensive review. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 6:69–78. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Nishida N, Kitano M, Sakurai T and Kudo M: Molecular mechanism and prediction of sorafenib chemoresistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis. 33:771–779. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Niu L, Liu L, Yang S, Ren J, Lai PBS and Chen GG: New insights into sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: Responsible mechanisms and promising strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 1868:564–570. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Della Corte CM, Viscardi G, Papaccio F, Esposito G, Martini G, Ciardiello D, Martinelli E, Ciardiello F and Morgillo F: Implication of the Hedgehog pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 23:4330–4340. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Che L, Yuan YH, Jia J and Ren J: Activation of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is an independent potential prognosis predictor in human hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Chin J Cancer Res. 24:323–331. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Katoh Y and Katoh M: Hedgehog target genes: Mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by aberrant hedgehog signaling activation. Curr Mol Med. 9:873–886. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Huang D, Wang Y, Xu L, Chen L, Cheng M, Shi W, Xiong H, Zalli D and Luo S: GLI2 promotes cell proliferation and migration through transcriptional activation of ARHGEF16 in human glioma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 37:2472018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Mayank .Jaitak V: Molecular docking study of natural alkaloids as multi-targeted hedgehog pathway inhibitors in cancer stem cell therapy. Comput Biol Chem. 62:145–154. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Drenkhahn SK, Jackson GA, Slusarz A, Starkey NJ and Lubahn DB: Inhibition of hedgehog/Gli signaling by botanicals: A review of compounds with potential hedgehog pathway inhibitory activities. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 13:580–595. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wang J, Peng Y, Liu Y, Yang J, Ding N and Tan W: Berberine, a natural compound, suppresses Hedgehog signaling pathway activity and cancer growth. BMC Cancer. 15:5952015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Chen JK, Taipale J, Cooper MK and Beachy PA: Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling by direct binding of cyclopamine to Smoothened. Genes Dev. 16:2743–2748. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Bijlsma MF, Peppelenbosch MP and Spek CA: (Pro-)vitamin D as treatment option for hedgehog-related malignancies. Med Hypotheses. 70:202–203. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Infante P, Mori M, Alfonsi R, Ghirga F, Aiello F, Toscano S, Ingallina C, Siler M, Cucchi D, Po A, et al: Gli1/DNA interaction is a druggable target for Hedgehog-dependent tumors. EMBO J. 34:200–217. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Bao C, Kramata P, Lee HJ and Suh N: Regulation of hedgehog signaling in cancer by natural and dietary compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res. 62:2018.doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700621. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Rogosnitzky M and Danks R: Therapeutic potential of the biscoclaurine alkaloid, cepharanthine, for a range of clinical conditions. Pharmacol Rep. 63:337–347. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhou P, Zhang R, Wang Y, Xu D, Zhang L, Qin J, Su G, Feng Y, Chen H, You S, et al: Cepharanthine hydrochloride reverses the mdr1 (P-glycoprotein)-mediated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell cisplatin resistance through JNK and p53 signals. Oncotarget. 8:111144–111160. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Tang ZH, Cao WX, Guo X, Dai XY, Lu JH, Chen X, Zhu H and Lu JJ: Identification of a novel autophagic inhibitor cepharanthine to enhance the anti-cancer property of dacomitinib in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett. 412:1–9. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Gao S, Li X, Ding X, Qi W and Yang Q: Cepharanthine induces autophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 41:1633–1648. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Harada K, Ferdous T, Itashiki Y, Takii M, Mano T, Mori Y and Ueyama Y: Cepharanthine inhibits angiogenesis and tumorigenicity of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by suppressing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8. Int J Oncol. 35:1025–1035. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Seubwai W, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Hiyoshi M, Suzu S, Puapairoj A, Wongkham C, Okada S and Wongkham S: Cepharanthine exerts antitumor activity on cholangiocarcinoma by inhibiting NF-kappaB. Cancer Sci. 101:1590–1595. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Bailly C: Cepharanthine: An update of its mode of action, pharmacological properties and medical applications. Phytomedicine. 62:1529562019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Tamatani T, Azuma M, Motegi K, Takamaru N, Kawashima Y and Bando T: Cepharanthin-enhanced radiosensitivity through the inhibition of radiation-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activity in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol. 31:761–768. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Biswas KK, Tancharoen S, Sarker KP, Kawahara K, Hashiguchi T and Maruyama I: Cepharanthine triggers apoptosis in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HuH-7) through the activation of JNK1/2 and the downregulation of Akt. FEBS Lett. 580:703–710. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Rattanawong A, Payon V, Limpanasittikul W, Boonkrai C, Mutirangura A and Wonganan P: Cepharanthine exhibits a potent anticancer activity in p53-mutated colorectal cancer cells through upregulation of p21Waf1/Cip1. Oncol Rep. 39:227–238. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Hua P, Sun M, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Tian X, Li X, Cui R and Zhang X: Cepharanthine induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 460:136–142. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Shi C, Huang D, Lu N, Chen D, Zhang M, Yan Y, Deng L, Lu Q, Lu H and Luo S: Aberrantly activated Gli2-KIF20A axis is crucial for growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and predicts poor prognosis. Oncotarget. 7:26206–26219. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Xin M, Ji X, De La Cruz LK, Thareja S and Wang B: Strategies to target the Hedgehog signaling pathway for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev. 38:870–913. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Onishi H and Katano M: Hedgehog signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in various types of cancer. Cancer Sci. 102:1756–1760. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Girardi D, Barrichello A, Fernandes G and Pereira A: Targeting the hedgehog pathway in cancer: Current evidence and future perspectives. Cells. 8:1532019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Infante P, Alfonsi R, Botta B, Mori M and Di Marcotullio L: Targeting GLI factors to inhibit the Hedgehog pathway. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 36:547–558. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Wang ZY and Chen Z: Differentiation and apoptosis induction therapy in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Lancet Oncol. 1:101–106. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Lv XH, Wang CH and Xie Y: Arsenic trioxide combined with transarterial chemoembolization for primary liver cancer: A meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 32:1540–1547. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Owonikoko TK, Zhang G, Kim HS, Stinson RM, Bechara R, Zhang C, Chen Z, Saba NF, Pakkala S, Pillai R, et al: Patient-derived xenografts faithfully replicated clinical outcome in a phase II co-clinical trial of arsenic trioxide in relapsed small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med. 14:1112016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Song Z, Wei B, Lu C, Huang X, Li P and Chen L: Metformin suppresses the expression of Sonic hedgehog in gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep. 15:1909–1915. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Fan C, Wang Y, Liu Z, Sun Y, Wang X, Wei G and Wei J: Metformin exerts anticancer effects through the inhibition of the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in breast cancer. Int J Mol Med. 36:204–214. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Nakamura M, Ogo A, Yamura M, Yamaguchi Y and Nakashima H: Metformin suppresses sonic hedgehog expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 34:1765–1769. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Chatterjee S and Sil PC: Targeting the crosstalks of Wnt pathway with Hedgehog and Notch for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res. 142:251–261. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Ding M and Wang X: Antagonism between Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways regulates tumorigenicity. Oncol Lett. 14:6327–6333. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Katoh Y and Katoh M: WNT antagonist, SFRP1, is Hedgehog signaling target. Int J Mol Med. 17:171–175. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Arnold KM, Pohlig RT and Sims-Mourtada J: Co-activation of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways is associated with poor outcomes in triple negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 14:5285–5292. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Anastas JN and Moon RT: WNT signalling pathways as therapeutic targets in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:11–26. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Kikukawa Y, Okuno Y, Tatetsu H, Nakamura M, Harada N, Ueno S, Kamizaki Y, Mitsuya H and Hata H: Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in myeloma cells by cepharanthine, a biscoclaurine alkaloid. Int J Oncol. 33:807–814. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Lyu J, Yang EJ, Head SA, Ai N, Zhang B, Wu C, Li RJ, Liu Y, Yang C, Dang Y, et al: Pharmacological blockade of cholesterol trafficking by cepharanthine in endothelial cells suppresses angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cancer Lett. 409:91–103. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Harada T, Harada K and Ueyama Y: The enhancement of tumor radioresponse by combined treatment with cepharanthine is accompanied by the inhibition of DNA damage repair and the induction of apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol. 41:565–572. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Su G, Huang Z, Huang D, Chen P, Wang Y and Wang Y: Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer. Oncol Rep 47: 83, 2022.
APA
Su, G., Huang, Z., Huang, D., Chen, P., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2022). Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer. Oncology Reports, 47, 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8294
MLA
Su, G., Huang, Z., Huang, D., Chen, P., Wang, Y., Wang, Y."Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer". Oncology Reports 47.4 (2022): 83.
Chicago
Su, G., Huang, Z., Huang, D., Chen, P., Wang, Y., Wang, Y."Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer". Oncology Reports 47, no. 4 (2022): 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8294
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Su G, Huang Z, Huang D, Chen P, Wang Y and Wang Y: Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer. Oncol Rep 47: 83, 2022.
APA
Su, G., Huang, Z., Huang, D., Chen, P., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2022). Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer. Oncology Reports, 47, 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8294
MLA
Su, G., Huang, Z., Huang, D., Chen, P., Wang, Y., Wang, Y."Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer". Oncology Reports 47.4 (2022): 83.
Chicago
Su, G., Huang, Z., Huang, D., Chen, P., Wang, Y., Wang, Y."Cepharanthine hydrochloride inhibits the Wnt/β‑catenin/Hedgehog signaling axis in liver cancer". Oncology Reports 47, no. 4 (2022): 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8294
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team