Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
September-2022 Volume 48 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2022 Volume 48 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Ki Bum Park
    • Eun Young Kim
    • Hyungmin Chin
    • Dong Joon Yoon
    • Kyong-Hwa Jun
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Paldal‑gu, Suwon‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 16247, Republic of Korea, Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 11765, Republic of Korea, Clinical Medical Laboratory, St. Vincent's Hospital, Paldal‑gu, Suwon‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 16247, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 162
    |
    Published online on: July 21, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8377
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Obesity is a risk factor for various types of cancer. Leptin, an adipocyte‑derived hormone, may stimulate the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. However, the effect of leptin and underlying mechanism in gastric cancer remain unclear. In the present study, the role of leptin in gastric cancer was evaluated. The effect of leptin on the JAK‑STAT and MEK signaling pathways was investigated in gastric cancer cells using wound‑healing and cell invasion assays, immunoblotting and inhibition studies. Cancer‑initiating cells derived from gastric cancer cells were used to investigate the effect of leptin on the maintenance of stemness and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) by immunoblotting. Clinicopathological characteristics including the serum leptin level and overall survival (OS) were analyzed in patients with (n=23) and without (n=23) obesity. Leptin induced the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by activating AKT and ERK and upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Leptin increased the mRNA and protein levels of markers of stemness (CD44) and the EMT (Snail and N‑cadherin). Pharmacological inhibitors of the JAK‑STAT and MEK signaling pathways decreased leptin‑induced migration and invasion, and the expression of VEGF. Obesity was associated with an elevated leptin level and body mass index was positively correlated with the leptin level (P=0.001 for both). The 5‑year OS rate was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.098). Leptin stimulates the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by activating the JAK‑STAT and MEK pathways, and contributes to the maintenance of cancer stemness and metastatic potential. The present findings support an adverse effect of obesity in gastric cancer. Consequently, targeting of leptin‑associated signaling pathways may have therapeutic potential for gastric cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), . Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 390:2627–2642. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, Grosse Y, Bianchini F and Straif K; International Agency for Research on Cancer Handbook Working Group, : Body fatness and cancer-viewpoint of the IARC working group. N Engl J Med. 375:794–798. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Guilford P, Hopkins J, Harraway J, McLeod M, McLeod N, Harawira P, Taite H, Scoular R, Miller A and Reeve AE: E-cadherin germline mutations in familial gastric cancer. Nature. 392:402–405. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Hirabayashi M, Inoue M, Sawada N, Saito E, Abe SK, Hidaka A, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Shimazu T, Shibuya K, et al: Effect of body-mass index on the risk of gastric cancer: A population-based cohort study in A Japanese population. Cancer Epidemiol. 63:1016222019. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Turati F, Tramacere I, La Vecchia C and Negri E: A meta-analysis of body mass index and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol. 24:609–617. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Renehan AG, Zwahlen M and Egger M: Adiposity and cancer risk: New mechanistic insights from epidemiology. Nat Rev Cancer. 15:484–498. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Rubinstein MM, Brown KA and Iyengar NM: Targeting obesity-related dysfunction in hormonally driven cancers. Br J Cancer. 125:495–509. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Masuzaki H, Ogawa Y, Sagawa N, Hosoda K, Matsumoto T, Mise H, Nishimura H, Yoshimasa Y, Tanaka I, Mori T and Nakao K: Nonadipose tissue production of leptin: Leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans. Nat Med. 3:1029–1033. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Bado A, Levasseur S, Attoub S, Kermorgant S, Laigneau JP, Bortoluzzi MN, Moizo L, Lehy T, Guerre-Millo M, Le Marchand-Brustel Y and Lewin MJ: The stomach is a source of leptin. Nature. 394:790–793. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Kolaczynski JW, Considine RV, Ohannesian J, Marco C, Opentanova I, Nyce MR, Myint M and Caro JF: Responses of leptin to short-term fasting and refeeding in humans: A link with ketogenesis but not ketones themselves. Diabetes. 45:1511–1515. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Surmacz E: Obesity hormone leptin: A new target in breast cancer? Breast Cancer Res. 9:3012007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Tartaglia LA: The leptin receptor. J Biol Chem. 272:6093–6096. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Saxena NK, Sharma D, Ding X, Lin S, Marra F, Merlin D and Anania FA: Concomitant activation of the JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and ERK signaling is involved in leptin-mediated promotion of invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 67:2497–2507. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Carino C, Olawaiye AB, Cherfils S, Serikawa T, Lynch MP, Rueda BR and Gonzalez RR: Leptin regulation of proangiogenic molecules in benign and cancerous endometrial cells. Int J Cancer. 123:2782–2790. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Donato J Jr, Frazão R and Elias CF: The PI3K signaling pathway mediates the biological effects of leptin. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 54:591–602. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Crean-Tate KK and Reizes O: Leptin regulation of cancer stem cells in breast and gynecologic cancer. Endocrinology. 159:3069–3080. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Cao R, Brakenhielm E, Wahlestedt C, Thyberg J and Cao Y: Leptin induces vascular permeability and synergistically stimulates angiogenesis with FGF-2 and VEGF. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:6390–6395. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Barone I, Catalano S, Gelsomino L, Marsico S, Giordano C, Panza S, Bonofiglio D, Bossi G, Covington KR, Fuqua SA and Andò S: Leptin mediates tumor-stromal interactions that promote the invasive growth of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 72:1416–1427. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Lee KN, Choi HS, Yang SY, Park HK, Lee YY, Lee OY, Yoon BC, Hahm JS and Paik SS: The role of leptin in gastric cancer: Clinicopathologic features and molecular mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 446:822–829. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Tas F, Karabulut S, Erturk K and Duranyildiz D: Clinical significance of serum leptin level in patients with gastric cancer. Eur Cytokine Netw. 29:52–58. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association, . Korean gastric cancer association-led nationwide survey on surgically treated gastric cancers in 2019. J Gastric Cancer. 21:221–235. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Mix H, Widjaja A, Jandl O, Cornberg M, Kaul A, Göke M, Beil W, Kuske M, Brabant G, Manns MP and Wagner S: Expression of leptin and leptin receptor isoforms in the human stomach. Gut. 47:481–486. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Ishikawa M, Kitayama J and Nagawa H: Expression pattern of leptin and leptin receptor (OB-R) in human gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 12:5517–5522. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Zhao X, Huang K, Zhu Z, Chen S and Hu R: Correlation between expression of leptin and clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 22:1317–1321. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Stattin P, Lukanova A, Biessy C, Söderberg S, Palmqvist R, Kaaks R, Olsson T and Jellum E: Obesity and colon cancer: Does leptin provide a link? Int J Cancer. 109:149–152. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Garofalo C, Koda M, Cascio S, Sulkowska M, Kanczuga-Koda L, Golaszewska J, Russo A, Sulkowski S and Surmacz E: Increased expression of leptin and the leptin receptor as a marker of breast cancer progression: Possible role of obesity-related stimuli. Clin Cancer Res. 12:1447–1453. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Yoon YS, Kwon AR, Lee YK and Oh SW: Circulating adipokines and risk of obesity related cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract. 13:329–339. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Thomas T, Burguera B, Melton LJ III, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL and Khosla S: Relationship of serum leptin levels with body composition and sex steroid and insulin levels in men and women. Metabolism. 49:1278–1284. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Mantzoros CS: The role of leptin in human obesity and disease: A review of current evidence. Ann Intern Med. 130:671–680. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Azuma T, Suto H, Ito Y, Ohtani M, Dojo M, Kuriyama M and Kato T: Gastric leptin and Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut. 49:324–329. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Schneider R, Bornstein SR, Chrousos GP, Boxberger S, Ehninger G and Breidert M: Leptin mediates a proliferative response in human gastric mucosa cells with functional receptor. Horm Metab Res. 33:1–6. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kim JH, Jung H, Jun KH, Kim SK, Chin HM, Jung JH, Kim W, Jeon HM, Park CH, Park SM, et al: Correlation between the serum leptin level and the expression of leptin in stomach cancer patients. J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc. 8:176–181. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Seyfried TN and Huysentruyt LC: On the origin of cancer metastasis. Crit Rev Oncog. 18:43–73. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Lambert AW, Pattabiraman DR and Weinberg RA: Emerging biological principles of metastasis. Cell. 168:670–691. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Dong Z, Fu S, Xu X, Yang Y, Du L, Li W, Kan S, Li Z, Zhang X, Wang L, et al: Leptin-mediated regulation of ICAM-1 is Rho/ROCK dependent and enhances gastric cancer cell migration. Br J Cancer. 110:1801–1810. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Ji BC, Hsiao YP, Tsai CH, Chang SJ, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Huang YP, Lien JC and Chung JG: Cantharidin impairs cell migration and invasion of A375.S2 human melanoma cells by suppressing MMP-2 and −9 through PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathways. Anticancer Res. 35:729–738. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Mavrommati I, Cisse O, Falasca M and Maffucci T: Novel roles for class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase C2β in signalling pathways involved in prostate cancer cell invasion. Sci Rep. 6:232772016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Wong CK, Cheung PF and Lam CW: Leptin-mediated cytokine release and migration of eosinophils: Implications for immunopathophysiology of allergic inflammation. Eur J Immunol. 37:2337–2348. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Azimi-Nejad M and Hashemy SI: Leptin-induced signaling pathways in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 42:243–260. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Mimori K, Fukagawa T, Kosaka Y, Ishikawa K, Iwatsuki M, Yokobori T, Hirasaki S, Takatsuno Y, Sakashita H, Ishii H, et al: A large-scale study of MT1-MMP as a marker for isolated tumor cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow in gastric cancer cases. Ann Surg Oncol. 15:2934–2942. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Poincloux R, Lizárraga F and Chavrier P: Matrix invasion by tumour cells: A focus on MT1-MMP trafficking to invadopodia. J Cell Sci. 122:3015–3024. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Dong Z, Xu X, Du L, Yang Y, Cheng H, Zhang X, Li Z, Wang L, Li J, Liu H, et al: Leptin-mediated regulation of MT1-MMP localization is KIF1B dependent and enhances gastric cancer cell invasion. Carcinogenesis. 34:974–983. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Jin G, Peng L, Zhang J, Qu L and Shou C: Cancer and embryo expression protein 65 promotes cancer cell growth and metastasis. Oncol Lett. 9:1772–1778. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Petrillo A, Laterza MM, Tirino G, Pompella L, Pappalardo A, Ventriglia J, Savastano B, Auricchio A, Orditura M, Ciardiello F, et al: Increased circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor C can predict outcome in resectable gastric cancer patients. J Gastrointest Oncol. 10:314–323. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Onogawa S, Kitadai Y, Amioka T, Kodama M, Cho S, Kuroda T, Ochiumi T, Kimura S, Kuwai T, Tanaka S and Chayama K: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in early gastric carcinoma: Correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Cancer Lett. 226:85–90. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Arigami T, Natsugoe S, Uenosono Y, Yanagita S, Ehi K, Arima H, Mataki Y, Nakajo A, Ishigami S and Aikou T: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C and -D expression correlates with lymph node micrometastasis in pN0 early gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol. 99:148–153. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Guideline Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA), . Development Working Group & Review Panel: Korean practice guideline for gastric cancer 2018: An evidence-based, multi-disciplinary approach. J Gastric Cancer. 19:1–48. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Voulgari A and Pintzas A: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer metastasis: Mechanisms, markers and strategies to overcome drug resistance in the clinic. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1796:75–90. 2009.

50 

Kato S, Abarzua-Catalan L, Trigo C, Delpiano A, Sanhueza C, García K, Ibañez C, Hormazábal K, Diaz D, Brañes J, et al: Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem-like properties in ovarian cancer cells: An explanation for poor outcomes in obese women. Oncotarget. 6:21100–21119. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Tsai JH and Yang J: Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in carcinoma metastasis. Genes Dev. 27:2192–2206. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Frixen UH, Behrens J, Sachs M, Eberle G, Voss B, Warda A, Löchner D and Birchmeier W: E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion prevents invasiveness of human carcinoma cells. J Cell Biol. 113:173–185. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Wheelock MJ, Shintani Y, Maeda M, Fukumoto Y and Johnson KR: Cadherin switching. J Cell Sci. 121:727–735. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Peña C, García JM, Silva J, García V, Rodríguez R, Alonso I, Millán I, Salas C, de Herreros AG, Muñoz A and Bonilla F: E-cadherin and vitamin D receptor regulation by SNAIL and ZEB1 in colon cancer: Clinicopathological correlations. Hum Mol Genet. 14:3361–3370. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Zheng Q, Banaszak L, Fracci S, Basali D, Dunlap SM, Hursting SD, Rich JN, Hjlemeland AB, Vasanji A, Berger NA, et al: Leptin receptor maintains cancer stem-like properties in triple negative breast cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer. 20:797–808. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Park KB, Kim EY, Chin H, Yoon DJ and Jun K: Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 48: 162, 2022.
APA
Park, K.B., Kim, E.Y., Chin, H., Yoon, D.J., & Jun, K. (2022). Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 48, 162. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8377
MLA
Park, K. B., Kim, E. Y., Chin, H., Yoon, D. J., Jun, K."Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells". Oncology Reports 48.3 (2022): 162.
Chicago
Park, K. B., Kim, E. Y., Chin, H., Yoon, D. J., Jun, K."Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells". Oncology Reports 48, no. 3 (2022): 162. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8377
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Park KB, Kim EY, Chin H, Yoon DJ and Jun K: Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 48: 162, 2022.
APA
Park, K.B., Kim, E.Y., Chin, H., Yoon, D.J., & Jun, K. (2022). Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 48, 162. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8377
MLA
Park, K. B., Kim, E. Y., Chin, H., Yoon, D. J., Jun, K."Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells". Oncology Reports 48.3 (2022): 162.
Chicago
Park, K. B., Kim, E. Y., Chin, H., Yoon, D. J., Jun, K."Leptin stimulates migration and invasion and maintains cancer stem‑like properties in gastric cancer cells". Oncology Reports 48, no. 3 (2022): 162. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8377
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team