Open Access

Estrogen receptors regulate galectin‑3 in androgen‑independent DU‑145 prostate cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Deborah S. Souza
    • Carla Macheroni
    • Carolina M. Vicente
    • Renan P. Cavalheiro
    • Vanessa L. Campo
    • Catarina S. Porto
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: March 20, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8530
  • Article Number: 93
  • Copyright: © Souza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ, and galectin‑3 (GAL‑3) in migration and invasion of androgen‑independent DU‑145 prostate cancer cells, and to examine the regulation of the expression of GAL‑3 by the activation of these receptors. Wound healing and cell invasion assays were performed using the control (basal level of cellular function) and treated DU‑145 cells. At 24 h of treatment, 17β‑estradiol (E2), the ERα‑selective agonist, 4,4',4"‑(4‑propyl‑(1H)‑pyrazole‑1,3,5‑triyl)trisphenol (PPT), or the ERβ‑selective agonist, 2,3‑bis(4‑hydroxyphenyl)‑propionitrile (diarylprepionitrile; DPN), increased the migration and invasion of the DU‑145 cells. Pre‑treatment with the ERα‑ and ERβ‑selective antagonists blocked these effects, indicating that ERα and ERβ are upstream receptors regulating these processes. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining for the detection of the GAL‑3 were performed using the control and treated DU‑145 cells. Treatment of the DU‑145 cells with E2, PPT or DPN for 24 h increased the expression of the GAL‑3 compared to the control. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of GAL‑3 (VA03) inhibited the migration and invasion of DU‑145 cells, indicating the involvement of the complex ERα/GAL‑3 and ERβ/GAL‑3 in the regulation of these processes. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the activation of both ERs increases the expression and signaling of GAL‑3, and promotes the migration and invasion of DU‑145 cells. The findings of the present study provide novel insight into the signatures and molecular mechanisms of ERα and ERβ in DU‑145 cells.
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May-2023
Volume 49 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Souza DS, Macheroni C, Vicente CM, Cavalheiro RP, Campo VL and Porto CS: Estrogen receptors regulate galectin‑3 in androgen‑independent DU‑145 prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 49: 93, 2023
APA
Souza, D.S., Macheroni, C., Vicente, C.M., Cavalheiro, R.P., Campo, V.L., & Porto, C.S. (2023). Estrogen receptors regulate galectin‑3 in androgen‑independent DU‑145 prostate cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 49, 93. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8530
MLA
Souza, D. S., Macheroni, C., Vicente, C. M., Cavalheiro, R. P., Campo, V. L., Porto, C. S."Estrogen receptors regulate galectin‑3 in androgen‑independent DU‑145 prostate cancer cells". Oncology Reports 49.5 (2023): 93.
Chicago
Souza, D. S., Macheroni, C., Vicente, C. M., Cavalheiro, R. P., Campo, V. L., Porto, C. S."Estrogen receptors regulate galectin‑3 in androgen‑independent DU‑145 prostate cancer cells". Oncology Reports 49, no. 5 (2023): 93. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8530