Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
August-2023 Volume 50 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2023 Volume 50 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels

  • Authors:
    • Hiroki Okamoto
    • Kazuhiro Yoshikawa
    • Akiko Shimada
    • Rui Sano
    • Daisuke Inukai
    • Shunpei Yamanaka
    • Susumu Suzuki
    • Ryuzo Ueda
    • Hiromi Ueda
    • Yasushi Fujimoto
    • Tetsuya Ogawa
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Otorhinolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480‑1195, Japan, Division of Biobank, Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480‑1195, Japan, Division of Research Creation, Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480‑1195, Japan, Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480‑1195, Japan
    Copyright: © Okamoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 154
    |
    Published online on: June 19, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8591
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

In the treatment of head and neck cancer, cisplatin is often used as a therapeutic agent; however, its efficacy is limited and it can cause renal dysfunction as an adverse effect. For this reason, the use of cisplatin is limited in elderly patients with reduced renal function. Recently, artemisinin, which was developed as an antimalarial drug, was found to have antitumor effects and is effective in combination with other anticancer drugs. In the present study, the antitumor effects of artemisinin and its derivatives as well as their combination with cisplatin and iron on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, were investigated. Cell viability was determined by a cell viability assay, the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, cell death was assessed with annexin V and propidium iodide staining, and western blotting was used to analyze retinoblastoma protein (Rb), phosphorylated (p‑)Rb, and other cell cycle‑associated molecules. A total of four artemisinin compounds were examined and it was found that artesunate and dihydroartemisinin had a significant inhibitory effect on growth. It was also identified that the combination of artesunate, cisplatin, and iron inhibited cell proliferation and caused S/G2‑M cell cycle arrest. In addition, western blotting of Rb, a molecule involved in the cell cycle, showed that artesunate induced the loss of not only Rb but also p‑Rb. These results suggested that artesunate is a useful drug in combination with cisplatin.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Morton RP, Rugman F, Dorman EB, Stoney PJ, Wilson JA, McCormick M, Veevers A and Stell PM: Cisplatinum and bleomycin for advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A randomised factorial phase III controlled trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 15:283–289. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kish JA, Weaver A, Jacobs J, Cummings G and Al-Sarraf M: Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil infusion in patients with recurrent and disseminated epidermoid cancer of the head and neck. Cancer. 53:1819–1824. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kish J, Drelichman A, Jacobs J, Hoschner J, Kinzie J, Loh J, Weaver A and Al-Sarraf M: Clinical trial of cisplatin and 5-FU infusion as initial treatment for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Treat Rep. 66:471–474. 1982.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ogawa T, Niho S, Nagai S, Kojima T, Nishimura Y, Ohe Y, Kondo N, Yamaguchi T, Endo K, Izumi K and Minami H: Moderate renal dysfunction may not require a cisplatin dose reduction: A retrospective study of cancer patients with renal impairment. Int J Clin Oncol. 18:977–982. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Rosenthal PJ: Artesunate for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med. 358:1829–1836. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ho WE, Peh HY, Chan TK and Wong WS: Artemisinins: Pharmacological actions beyond anti-malarial. Pharmacol Ther. 142:126–139. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sun WC, Han JX, Yang WY, Deng DA and Yue XF: Antitumor activities of 4 derivatives of artemisic acid and artemisinin B in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 13:541–543. 1992.

9 

Efferth T, Dunstan H, Sauerbrey A, Miyachi H and Chitambar CR: The anti-malarial artesunate is also active against cancer. Int J Oncol. 18:767–773. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Efferth T, Sauerbrey A, Olbrich A, Gebhart E, Rauch P, Weber HO, Hengstler JG, Halatsch ME, Volm M, Tew KD, et al: Molecular modes of action of artesunate in tumor cell lines. Mol Pharmacol. 64:382–394. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Våtsveen TK, Myhre MR, Steen CB, Wälchli S, Lingjærde OC, Bai B, Dillard P, Theodossiou TA, Holien T, Sundan A, et al: Artesunate shows potent anti-tumor activity in B-cell lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol. 11:232018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Berte N, Lokan S, Eich M, Kim E and Kaina B: Artesunate enhances the therapeutic response of glioma cells to temozolomide by inhibition of homologous recombination and senescence. Oncotarget. 7:67235–67250. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Hou J, Wang D, Zhang R and Wang H: Experimental therapy of hepatoma with artemisinin and its derivatives: In vitro and in vivo activity, chemosensitization, and mechanisms of action. Clin Cancer Res. 14:5519–5530. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Roh JL, Kim EH, Jang H and Shin D: Nrf2 inhibition reverses the resistance of cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cells to artesunate-induced ferroptosis. Redox Biol. 11:254–262. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Jia J, Qin Y, Zhang L, Guo C, Wang Y, Yue X and Qian J: Artemisinin inhibits gallbladder cancer cell lines through triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep. 13:4461–4468. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chen S, Gan S, Han L, Li X, Xie X, Zou D and Sun H: Artesunate induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation, stemness, and tumorigenesis of leukemia. Ann Transl Med. 8:7672020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Dell'Eva R, Pfeffer U, Vené R, Anfosso L, Forlani A, Albini A and Efferth T: Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo and growth of Kaposi's sarcoma xenograft tumors by the anti-malarial artesunate. Biochem Pharmacol. 68:2359–2366. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Kim SJ, Kim MS, Lee JW, Lee CH, Yoo H, Shin SH, Park MJ and Lee SH: Dihydroartemisinin enhances radiosensitivity of human glioma cells in vitro. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 132:129–135. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Efferth T: From ancient herb to modern drug: Artemisia annua and artemisinin for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol. 46:65–83. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wong YK, Xu C, Kalesh KA, He Y, Lin Q, Wong WSF, Shen HM and Wang J: Artemisinin as an anticancer drug: Recent advances in target profiling and mechanisms of action. Med Res Rev. 37:1492–1517. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Xu C, Zhang H, Mu L and Yang X: Artemisinins as anticancer drugs: Novel therapeutic approaches, molecular mechanisms, and clinical trials. Front Pharmacol. 11:5298812020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Nishimura K, Tsuchiya Y, Okamoto H, Ijichi K, Gosho M, Fukayama M, Yoshikawa K, Ueda H, Bradford CR, Carey TE and Ogawa T: Identification of chemoresistant factors by protein expression analysis with iTRAQ for head and neck carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 111:799–806. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Muramatsu H, Sumitomo M, Morinaga S, Kajikawa K, Kobayashi I, Nishikawa G, Kato Y, Watanabe M, Zennami K, Kanao K, et al: Targeting lactate dehydrogenase-A promotes docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity predominantly in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 42:224–230. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhang JL, Wang Z, Hu W, Chen SS, Lou XE and Zhou HJ: DHA regulates angiogenesis and improves the efficiency of CDDP for the treatment of lung carcinoma. Microvasc Res. 87:14–24. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Razavi A, Nouri HR, Mehrabian F and Mirshafiey A: Treatment of experimental nephrotic syndrome with artesunate. Int J Toxicol. 26:373–380. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Wang SJ, Gao Y, Chen H, Kong R, Jiang HC, Pan SH, Xue DB, Bai XW and Sun B: Dihydroartemisinin inactivates NF-kappaB and potentiates the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett. 293:99–108. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zhao F, Vakhrusheva O, Markowitsch SD, Slade KS, Tsaur I, Cinatl J Jr, Michaelis M, Efferth T, Haferkamp A and Juengel E: Artesunate impairs growth in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy induction. Cells. 9:26432020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Tran KQ, Tin AS and Firestone GL: Artemisinin triggers a G1 cell cycle arrest of human Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells and inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase-4 promoter activity and expression by disrupting nuclear factor-κB transcriptional signaling. Anticancer Drugs. 25:270–281. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ji Y, Zhang YC, Pei LB, Shi LL, Yan JL and Ma XH: Anti-tumor effects of dihydroartemisinin on human osteosarcoma. Mol and Cell Biochem. 351:99–108. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Chen K, Shou LM, Lin F, Duan WM, Wu MY, Xie X, Xie YF, Li W and Tao M: Artesunate induces G2/M cell cycle arrest through autophagy induction in breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs. 25:652–662. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

An B and Dou QP: Cleavage of retinoblastoma protein during apoptosis: An interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme-like protease as candidate. Cancer Res. 56:438–442. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Chen WD, Otterson GA, Lipkowitz S, Khleif SN, Coxon AB and Kaye FJ: Apoptosis is associated with cleavage of a 5 kDa fragment from RB which mimics dephosphorylation and modulates E2F binding. Oncogene. 14:1243–1248. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Tan X and Wang JY: The caspase-RB connection in cell death. Trends Cell Biol. 8:116–120. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Fan HN, Zhu MY, Peng SQ, Zhu JS, Zhang J and Qu GQ: Dihydroartemisinin inhibits the growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating cyclin D1-CDK4-Rb signaling. Pathol Res Pract. 216:1527952020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Almasan A, Yin Y, Kelly RE, Lee EY, Bradley A, Li W, Bertino JR and Wahl GM: Deficiency of retinoblastoma protein leads to inappropriate S-phase entry, activation of E2F-responsive genes, and apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:5436–5440. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Okamoto H, Yoshikawa K, Shimada A, Sano R, Inukai D, Yamanaka S, Suzuki S, Ueda R, Ueda H, Fujimoto Y, Fujimoto Y, et al: Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels. Oncol Rep 50: 154, 2023.
APA
Okamoto, H., Yoshikawa, K., Shimada, A., Sano, R., Inukai, D., Yamanaka, S. ... Ogawa, T. (2023). Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels. Oncology Reports, 50, 154. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8591
MLA
Okamoto, H., Yoshikawa, K., Shimada, A., Sano, R., Inukai, D., Yamanaka, S., Suzuki, S., Ueda, R., Ueda, H., Fujimoto, Y., Ogawa, T."Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels". Oncology Reports 50.2 (2023): 154.
Chicago
Okamoto, H., Yoshikawa, K., Shimada, A., Sano, R., Inukai, D., Yamanaka, S., Suzuki, S., Ueda, R., Ueda, H., Fujimoto, Y., Ogawa, T."Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels". Oncology Reports 50, no. 2 (2023): 154. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8591
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Okamoto H, Yoshikawa K, Shimada A, Sano R, Inukai D, Yamanaka S, Suzuki S, Ueda R, Ueda H, Fujimoto Y, Fujimoto Y, et al: Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels. Oncol Rep 50: 154, 2023.
APA
Okamoto, H., Yoshikawa, K., Shimada, A., Sano, R., Inukai, D., Yamanaka, S. ... Ogawa, T. (2023). Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels. Oncology Reports, 50, 154. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8591
MLA
Okamoto, H., Yoshikawa, K., Shimada, A., Sano, R., Inukai, D., Yamanaka, S., Suzuki, S., Ueda, R., Ueda, H., Fujimoto, Y., Ogawa, T."Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels". Oncology Reports 50.2 (2023): 154.
Chicago
Okamoto, H., Yoshikawa, K., Shimada, A., Sano, R., Inukai, D., Yamanaka, S., Suzuki, S., Ueda, R., Ueda, H., Fujimoto, Y., Ogawa, T."Artesunate and cisplatin synergistically inhibit HNSCC cell growth and promote apoptosis with artesunate‑induced decreases in Rb and phosphorylated Rb levels". Oncology Reports 50, no. 2 (2023): 154. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8591
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team