Extracellular vesicle‑mediated RNA editing may underlie the heterogeneity and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma in human tissue and <em>in vitro</em>

Shibata,Chikako; Shibata,Chikako; Otsuka,Motoyuki; Otsuka,Motoyuki; Shimizu,Takayuki; Shimizu,Takayuki; Seimiya,Takahiro; Seimiya,Takahiro; Kishikawa,Takahiro; Kishikawa,Takahiro; Aoki,Taku; Aoki,Taku; Fujishiro,Mitsuhiro; Fujishiro,Mitsuhiro

doi:10.3892/or.2023.8631

Extracellular vesicle‑mediated RNA editing may underlie the heterogeneity and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma in human tissue and in vitro

Authors:
- Chikako Shibata
- Motoyuki Otsuka
- Takayuki Shimizu
- Takahiro Seimiya
- Takahiro Kishikawa
- Taku Aoki
- Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
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Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321‑0293, Japan
Published online on: September 15, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2023.8631
Article Number: 194
Copyright: © Shibata et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by various cells, including tumor cells, carry biomolecules to neighboring cells. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), adenosine to inosine RNA editing of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1), specifically regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA‑1 (ADAR1), promotes carcinogenesis. The present study examined if EVs and ADAR1 in the EVs released from HCC cells are transferred to neighboring cells in co‑culture systems and reporter assay. Distribution of the ADAR1 expression in human tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. EVs released from HCC cells containing ADAR1 were delivered to neighboring HCC cells and non‑cancerous hepatocytes. The increased ADAR1 protein levels resulted in serine to glycine substitution at residue 367 of AZIN1, which augmented transformation potential and increased aggressive behavior of cancer cells. In clinically resected samples, ADAR1 distribution was highly heterogeneous within the tumor specimen and denser in non‑cancerous tissue surrounding the HCC tissue. These observations suggested that ADAR1 protein may be delivered from HCC cells to neighboring cells via EVs and that EV‑mediated RNA editing may serve a pivotal role in determining HCC heterogeneity and spread.

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