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April-2024 Volume 51 Issue 4

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Review Open Access

Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Liqing Yu
    • Zhenjun Huang
    • Ziqi Xiao
    • Xiaofu Tang
    • Ziqiang Zeng
    • Xiaoli Tang
    • Wenhao Ouyang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 60
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    Published online on: March 5, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2024.8719
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Abstract

Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer deaths. Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumors to other body parts, commonly through lymphatic and vascular pathways. Key aspects include the high mutation rate and the capability of metastatic cells to form invasive tumors even without a large initial tumor mass. Particular emphasis is given to early metastasis, occurring in initial cancer stages and often leading to misdiagnosis, which adversely affects survival and prognosis. The present review highlighted the need for improved understanding and detection methods for early metastasis, which has not been effectively identified clinically. The present review demonstrated the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of early‑onset metastatic types of cancer, noting factors such as age, race, tumor size and location as well as the histological and pathological grade as significant predictors. In conclusion, the present review underscored the importance of early detection and management of metastatic types of cancer and called for improved predictive models, including advanced techniques such as nomograms and machine learning, so as to enhance patient outcomes, acknowledging the challenges and limitations of the current research as well as the necessity for further studies.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yu L, Huang Z, Xiao Z, Tang X, Zeng Z, Tang X and Ouyang W: Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review). Oncol Rep 51: 60, 2024.
APA
Yu, L., Huang, Z., Xiao, Z., Tang, X., Zeng, Z., Tang, X., & Ouyang, W. (2024). Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review). Oncology Reports, 51, 60. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2024.8719
MLA
Yu, L., Huang, Z., Xiao, Z., Tang, X., Zeng, Z., Tang, X., Ouyang, W."Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review)". Oncology Reports 51.4 (2024): 60.
Chicago
Yu, L., Huang, Z., Xiao, Z., Tang, X., Zeng, Z., Tang, X., Ouyang, W."Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review)". Oncology Reports 51, no. 4 (2024): 60. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2024.8719
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yu L, Huang Z, Xiao Z, Tang X, Zeng Z, Tang X and Ouyang W: Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review). Oncol Rep 51: 60, 2024.
APA
Yu, L., Huang, Z., Xiao, Z., Tang, X., Zeng, Z., Tang, X., & Ouyang, W. (2024). Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review). Oncology Reports, 51, 60. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2024.8719
MLA
Yu, L., Huang, Z., Xiao, Z., Tang, X., Zeng, Z., Tang, X., Ouyang, W."Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review)". Oncology Reports 51.4 (2024): 60.
Chicago
Yu, L., Huang, Z., Xiao, Z., Tang, X., Zeng, Z., Tang, X., Ouyang, W."Unveiling the best predictive models for early‑onset metastatic cancer: Insights and innovations (Review)". Oncology Reports 51, no. 4 (2024): 60. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2024.8719
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