Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
June-2025 Volume 53 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2025 Volume 53 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
Article Open Access

Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary

  • Authors:
    • Yoshihiko Fujita
    • Marco A. De Velasco
    • Hidetoshi Hayashi
    • Kazuhiko Nakagawa
    • Kazuto Nishio
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka‑Sayama, Osaka 589‑8511, Japan, Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka‑Sayama, Osaka 589‑8511, Japan
    Copyright: © Fujita et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 72
    |
    Published online on: April 30, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8905
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The biological basis of the development of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) remains largely unknown, with no evidence of whether a common biological basis exists at present. Our previous multicenter clinical study predicted the primary site of CUP for site‑specific therapy. Concomitantly with the study, a microarray analysis of tumor mRNA samples obtained from 60 participants of the study with CUP was performed, and a gene expression profile specific to CUP was constructed. Several of the genes identified as being upregulated/downregulated in CUP could potentially be clinically useful common biomarkers of CUP. In the present study, to identify genes that may be more closely related to the development of CUP (characterized by its metastatic potential) among the upregulated genes, cell‑based small interfering RNA screening was performed in vitro, and two genes, protein kinase DNA‑activated catalytic subunit (PRKDC) and proteasome subunit β type‑4 (PSMB4), were identified to be possibly involved in the metastatic ability of CUP, since knockdown of these genes resulted in reduced migration of A549 cells. These genes were further knocked down in A549 cells using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) and the cells were implanted into the footpad of mice. Marked suppression of the metastatic ability of implanted cells from the footpad to the popliteal lymph node (LN) was observed in cells transfected with the shRNAs for PRKDC and PSMB4. In addition, bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, markedly reduced the ability of cells implanted into the footpad to metastasize to the LNs, as well as cell growth at the metastatic site, compared with vehicle or NU7447 (inhibitor of PRKDC). These findings indicated that proteasomal function activation augmented the metastatic ability of malignant CUP cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Pavlidis N and Pentheroudakis G: Cancer of unknown primary site. Lancet. 379:1428–1435. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Rassy E, Parent P, Lefort F, Boussios S, Baciarello G and Pavlidis N: New rising entities in cancer of unknown primary: Is there a real therapeutic benefit? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 147:1028822020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Greco FA and Pavlidis N: Treatment for patients with unknown primary carcinoma and unfavorable prognostic factors. Semin Oncol. 36:65–74. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Pavlidis N, Khaled H and Gaafar R: A mini review on cancer of unknown primary site: A clinical puzzle for the oncologists. J Adv Res. 6:375–382. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Fizazi K, Greco FA, Pavlidis N, Daugaard G, Oien K and Pentheroudakis G; ESMO Guidelines Committee, : Cancers of unknown primary site: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 26 (Suppl 5):v133–v138. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Hayashi H, Kurata T, Takiguchi Y, Arai M, Takeda K, Akiyoshi K, Matsumoto K, Onoe T, Mukai H, Matsubara N, et al: Randomized phase II trial comparing site-specific treatment based on gene expression profiling with carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with cancer of unknown primary site. J Clin Oncol. 37:570–579. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Rassy E, Labaki C, Chebel R, Boussios S, Smith-Gagen J, Greco FA and Pavlidis N: Systematic review of the CUP trials characteristics and perspectives for next-generation studies. Cancer Treat Rev. 107:1024072022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kurahashi I, Fujita Y, Arao T, Kurata T, Koh Y, Sakai K, Matsumoto K, Tanioka M, Takeda K, Takiguchi Y, et al: A microarray-based gene expression analysis to identify diagnostic biomarkers for unknown primary cancer. PLoS One. 8:e632492013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Arao T, Fukumoto H, Takeda M, Tamura T, Saijo N and Nishio K: Small in-frame deletion in the epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for ZD6474. Cancer Res. 64:9101–9104. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Tanaka K, Arao T, Maegawa M, Matsumoto K, Kaneda H, Kudo K, Fujita Y, Yokote H, Yanagihara K, Yamada Y, et al: SRPX2 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and promotes cellular migration and adhesion. Int J Cancer. 124:1072–1080. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Clough E and Barrett T: The gene expression omnibus database. Methods Mol Biol. 1418:93–110. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Lenburg ME, Liou LS, Gerry NP, Frampton GM, Cohen HT and Christman MF: Previously unidentified changes in renal cell carcinoma gene expression identified by parametric analysis of microarray data. BMC Cancer. 3:312003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Pawitan Y, Bjöhle J, Amler L, Borg AL, Egyhazi S, Hall P, Han X, Holmberg L, Huang F, Klaar S, et al: Gene expression profiling spares early breast cancer patients from adjuvant therapy: Derived and validated in two population-based cohorts. Breast Cancer Res. 7:R953–R964. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

International Genetics Consortium, . Expression project for oncology (expO). Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE2109. 2005.Available from:. http://www.intgen.org/

16 

Luesch H, Chanda SK, Raya RM, DeJesus PD, Orth AP, Walker JR, Belmonte JCI and Schultz PG: A functional genomics approach to the mode of action of apratoxin A. Nat Chem Biol. 2:158–167. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Bild AH, Yao G, Chang JT, Wang Q, Potti A, Chasse D, Joshi NR, Harpole D, Lancaster JM, Berchuck A, et al: Oncogenic pathway signatures in human cancers as a guide to targeted therapies. Nature. 439:353–357. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Dyrskjøt L, Kruhøffer M, Thykjaer T, Marcussen N, Jensen JL, Møller K and Ørntoft TF: Gene expression in the urinary bladder: A common carcinoma in situ gene expression signature exists disregarding histopathological classification. Cancer Res. 64:4040–4048. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Gemma A, Li C, Sugiyama Y, Matsuda K, Seike Y, Kosaihira S, Minegishi Y, Noro R, Nara M, Seike M, et al: Anticancer drug clustering in lung cancer based on gene expression profiles and sensitivity database. BMC Cancer. 6:1742006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Rinaldi A, Kwee I, Taborelli M, Largo C, Uccella S, Martin V, Poretti G, Gaidano G, Calabrese G, Martinelli G, et al: Genomic and expression profiling identifies the B-cell associated tyrosine kinase Syk as a possible therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 132:303–316. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Bachtiary B, Boutros PC, Pintilie M, Shi W, Bastianutto C, Li JH, Schwock J, Zhang W, Penn LZ, Jurisica I, et al: Gene expression profiling in cervical cancer: An exploration of intratumor heterogeneity. Clin Cancer Res. 12:5632–5640. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Pyeon D, Newton MA, Lambert PF, den Boon JA, Sengupta S, Marsit CJ, Woodworth CD, Connor JP, Haugen TH, Smith EM, et al: Fundamental differences in cell cycle deregulation in human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative head/neck and cervical cancers. Cancer Res. 67:4605–4619. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Wang Y, Xia XQ, Jia Z, Sawyers A, Yao H, Wang-Rodriquez J, Mercola D and McClelland M: In silico estimates of tissue components in surgical samples based on expression profiling data. Cancer Res. 70:6448–6455. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kaneda H, Arao T, Tanaka K, Tamura D, Aomatsu K, Kudo K, Sakai K, De Velasco MA, Matsumoto K, Fujita Y, et al: FOXQ1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and enhances tumorigenicity and tumor growth. Cancer Res. 70:2053–2063. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Picot J, Guerin CL, Le Van Kim C and Boulanger CM: Flow cytometry: Retrospective, fundamentals and recent instrumentation. Cytotechnology. 64:109–130. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Chen Z, Zhuo W, Wang Y, Ao X and An J: Down-regulation of layilin, a novel hyaluronan receptor, via RNA interference, inhibits invasion and lymphatic metastasis of human lung A549 cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 50:89–96. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kura Y, De Velasco MA, Sakai K, Uemura H, Fujita K and Nishio K: Exploring the relationship between ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer. Hum Cell. 37:1706–1718. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zhao Y, Thomas HD, Batey A, Cowell IG, Richardson CJ, Griffin RJ, Calvert AH, Newell DR, Smith GCM and Curtin NJ: Preclinical evaluation of a potent novel DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor NU7441. Cancer Res. 66:5354–5362. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Chen D, Frezza M, Schmitt S, Kanwar J and Dou QP: Bortezomib as the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug: Current status and future perspectives. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 11:239–253. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Lengrand J, Pastushenko I, Vanuytven S, Song Y, Venet D, Sarate RM, Bellina M, Moers V, Boinet A, Sifrim A, et al: Pharmacological targeting netrin-1 inhibits EMT in cancer. Nature. 620:402–408. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Liu K, Newbury PA, Glicksberg BS, Zeng WZD, Paithankar S, Andrechek ER and Chen B: Evaluating cell lines as models for metastatic breast cancer through integrative analysis of genomic data. Nat Commun. 10:21382019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Dylgjeri E and Knudsen KE: DNA-PKcs: A targetable protumorigenic protein kinase. Cancer Res. 82:523–533. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Xiang Z, Hou G, Zheng S, Lu M, Li T, Lin Q, Liu H, Wang X, Guan T, Wei Y, et al: ER-associated degradation ligase HRD1 links ER stress to DNA damage repair by modulating the activity of DNA-PKcs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 121:e24030381212024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Caron P, Pankotai T, Wiegant WW, Tollenaere MAX, Furst A, Bonhomme C, Helfricht A, de Groot A, Pastink A, Vertegaal ACO, et al: WWP2 ubiquitylates RNA polymerase II for DNA-PK-dependent transcription arrest and repair at DNA breaks. Genes Dev. 33:684–704. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kotula E, Berthault N, Agrario C, Lienafa MC, Simon A, Dingli F, Loew D, Sibut V, Saule S and Dutreix M: DNA-PKcs plays role in cancer metastasis through regulation of secreted proteins involved in migration and invasion. Cell Cycle. 14:1961–1972. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhou X, Xu R, Wu Y, Zhou L and Xiang T: The role of proteasomes in tumorigenesis. Genes Dis. 11:1010702023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Narayanan S, Cai CY, Assaraf YG, Guo HQ, Cui Q, Wei L, Huang JJ, Ashby CR Jr and Chen ZS: Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 48:1006632020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Chhabra S: Novel proteasome inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors: Progress in myeloma therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 10:402017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Gandolfi S, Laubach JP, Hideshima T, Chauhan D, Anderson KC and Richardson PG: The proteasome and proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 36:561–584. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Hideshima T and Anderson KC: Biologic impact of proteasome inhibition in multiple myeloma cells-from the aspects of preclinical studies. Semin Hematol. 49:223–227. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Wu YH, Hong CW, Wang YC, Huang WJ, Yeh YL, Wang BJ, Wang YJ and Chiu HW: A novel histone deacetylase inhibitor TMU-35435 enhances etoposide cytotoxicity through the proteasomal degradation of DNA-PKcs in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 400:79–88. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Byers LA, Diao L, Wang J, Saintigny P, Girard L, Peyton M, Shen L, Fan Y, Giri U, Tumula PK, et al: An epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene signature predicts resistance to EGFR and PI3K inhibitors and identifies Axl as a therapeutic target for overcoming EGFR inhibitor resistance. Clin Cancer Res. 19:279–290. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Rassy E, Boussios S and Pavlidis N: Genomic correlates of response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in carcinomas of unknown primary. Eur J Clin Invest. 51:e135832021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Tanizaki J, Yonemori K, Akiyoshi K, Minami H, Ueda H, Takiguchi Y, Miura Y, Segawa Y, Takahashi S, Iwamoto Y, et al: Open-label phase II study of the efficacy of nivolumab for cancer of unknown primary. Ann Oncol. 33:216–226. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Fujita Y, De Velasco MA, Hayashi H, Nakagawa K and Nishio K: Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary. Oncol Rep 53: 72, 2025.
APA
Fujita, Y., De Velasco, M.A., Hayashi, H., Nakagawa, K., & Nishio, K. (2025). Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary. Oncology Reports, 53, 72. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8905
MLA
Fujita, Y., De Velasco, M. A., Hayashi, H., Nakagawa, K., Nishio, K."Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary". Oncology Reports 53.6 (2025): 72.
Chicago
Fujita, Y., De Velasco, M. A., Hayashi, H., Nakagawa, K., Nishio, K."Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary". Oncology Reports 53, no. 6 (2025): 72. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8905
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Fujita Y, De Velasco MA, Hayashi H, Nakagawa K and Nishio K: Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary. Oncol Rep 53: 72, 2025.
APA
Fujita, Y., De Velasco, M.A., Hayashi, H., Nakagawa, K., & Nishio, K. (2025). Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary. Oncology Reports, 53, 72. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8905
MLA
Fujita, Y., De Velasco, M. A., Hayashi, H., Nakagawa, K., Nishio, K."Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary". Oncology Reports 53.6 (2025): 72.
Chicago
Fujita, Y., De Velasco, M. A., Hayashi, H., Nakagawa, K., Nishio, K."Exploration of genes related to the development of cancer of unknown primary". Oncology Reports 53, no. 6 (2025): 72. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2025.8905
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team