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Review Open Access

Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zhengqi Guo
    • Xiaoci Li
    • Pengyu Suo
    • Zhanyu Lin
    • Ruixin Liu
    • Chenyu Chi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Guo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 136
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    Published online on: May 26, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9141
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Abstract

Lung cancer (LC) remains a leading cause of cancer‑related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprising ~85% of cases. Although therapeutic options have expanded in recent years, drug resistance and tumor relapse continue to limit durable responses, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies and effective adjuvant agents. Tanshinones are major bioactive diterpenoid quinones derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anti‑inflammatory, anti‑angiogenic, and antitumor effects. Growing evidence indicates that tanshinones suppress LC progression through multi‑level regulation of cancer hallmarks, including inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, attenuation of invasion and metastasis, and modulation of antitumor immunity. Notably, tanshinones have also shown promise as sensitizers in combination regimens, where they enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer agents and may help overcome acquired resistance in LC models. In the present review, current mechanistic evidence on tanshinone‑mediated anticancer actions in LC was synthesized and opportunities and challenges for clinical translation are examined, with the aim of informing the development of tanshinone‑based therapeutic strategies and next‑generation derivatives.
View Figures

Figure 1

Anti-lung cancer effects and
mechanisms of tanshinone bioactive compounds.

Figure 2

Schematic diagram of chemical
structure classification of tanshinone bioactive compounds. (A-F)
Lipid-soluble tanshinones. (G-L) Water-soluble salvianolic
acids.

Figure 3

Schematic diagram of signaling
pathways related to inhibition of LC cell proliferation by
tanshinone bioactive compounds. LC, lung cancer; ATA,
acetyltanshinone IIA; Tan, tanshinone; miR, microRNA; CPT,
cryptotanshinone; AURKA, Aurora kinase A; ULK2, Unc-51-like kinase
2; PLK1, polo-like kinase 1; IBTK, inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine
kinase.

Figure 4

Schematic diagram of signaling
pathways related to induction of apoptosis and autophagy in LC
cells by tanshinone bioactive compounds. LC, lung cancer; Tan,
tanshinone; TS, tanshinones; Cyt c, cytochrome c; Mcl-1,
myeloid cell leukemia 1; PERK, protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER
kinase; ATF4, activating transcription factor 4; DR5, death
receptor 5; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous
protein; eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor-2α; NFAT2, nuclear
factor of activated T cells 1; FOXO3, Forkhead box O3.

Figure 5

Schematic diagram of signaling
pathways inhibiting invasion and migration of LC cells by
tanshinone bioactive compounds. LC, lung cancer; Tan, tanshinone;
CPT, cryptotanshinone; DT, dihydrotanshinone; ZO-1, zonula
occludens-1; HMGB3, high mobility group box 3; Smad2, mothers
against decapentaplegic homolog 2; TG2, transglutaminase 2; eEF-2K,
eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase; STS, sodium tanshinone IIA
sulfonate.

Figure 6

Schematic diagram of signaling
pathways regulating anti-inflammation, immune balance and
metabolism by tanshinone bioactive compounds. DT,
dihydrotanshinone; Tan, tanshinone; ZO-1, zonula occludens-1;
PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; GzmB, granzyme B; PERK, protein
kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase; ATF4, activating transcription
factor 4; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein;
DR5, death receptor 5; ULBP1, UL16-binding protein-1; SIX1, sine
oculis homeobox homolog 1; PKM2, pyruvate kinase M2; HK2,
hexokinase 2; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; ROS, reacive oxygen
species; SREBP1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1;
SREBP2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2; FASN, fatty
acid synthase; SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase; HMGCS1,
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1.

Figure 7

Schematic diagram of signaling
pathways for combined therapy and reversal of drug resistance using
tanshinone bioactive compounds. DHTS, dihydrotanshinone I; HSPD1,
heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1; ROS, reacive oxygen
species; Tan, tanshinone; SREBP1, sterol regulatory element-binding
protein 1; FASN, fatty acid synthase; SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase;
ATA, acetyltanshinone IIA; AURKA, Aurora kinase A.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Guo Z, Li X, Suo P, Lin Z, Liu R and Chi C: Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review). Oncol Rep 56: 136, 2026.
APA
Guo, Z., Li, X., Suo, P., Lin, Z., Liu, R., & Chi, C. (2026). Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review). Oncology Reports, 56, 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9141
MLA
Guo, Z., Li, X., Suo, P., Lin, Z., Liu, R., Chi, C."Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review)". Oncology Reports 56.1 (2026): 136.
Chicago
Guo, Z., Li, X., Suo, P., Lin, Z., Liu, R., Chi, C."Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review)". Oncology Reports 56, no. 1 (2026): 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9141
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Guo Z, Li X, Suo P, Lin Z, Liu R and Chi C: Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review). Oncol Rep 56: 136, 2026.
APA
Guo, Z., Li, X., Suo, P., Lin, Z., Liu, R., & Chi, C. (2026). Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review). Oncology Reports, 56, 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9141
MLA
Guo, Z., Li, X., Suo, P., Lin, Z., Liu, R., Chi, C."Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review)". Oncology Reports 56.1 (2026): 136.
Chicago
Guo, Z., Li, X., Suo, P., Lin, Z., Liu, R., Chi, C."Targeting lung cancer with tanshinones: Current mechanistic evidence and emerging opportunities (Review)". Oncology Reports 56, no. 1 (2026): 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9141
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