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Oncology Reports
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Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
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December 2008 Volume 20 Issue 6

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

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Article

Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity

  • Authors:
    • Jinhua Li
    • Sara L. Stickel
    • Hilary Bouton-Verville
    • Kelly E. Burgin
    • Xianzhong Yu
    • Desmond K.W. Wong
    • Thomas E. Wagner
    • Yanzhang Wei

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Oncology Research Institute of Greenville Hospital System University Medical Center, Clemson, SC 29605, USA
  • Pages: 1505-1509
    |
    Published online on: December 1, 2008
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or_00000172
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Abstract

The anti-tumor activity of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice (Noni) has been previously reported. However, the mechanism behind this activity remains unknown. In the present study, we studied the anti-tumor activity of fermented Noni exudate (fNE) and demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of this material significantly increased the percentages of granulocytes and NK cells in the peripheral blood, peritoneum, and spleen. Furthermore, in preventive and treatment settings, fNE injection induced complete tumor rejection in normal C57BL/6J mice, partial tumor rejection in C57 nude mice lacking functional lymphocytes, and no tumor rejection in NK cell deficient beige mice. Over 85% of the C57BL/6J mice that received fNE survived the first tumor injection and rejected up to 5x106 tumor cells when re-challenged. The anti-tumor activity remains in the heat-inactivated and filtrated supernatant of fNE. These data demonstrate that fNE appears to be able to stimulate the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system to reject tumor cells. NK cells respond quickly and appear to be among the major players of the innate immune system, while the adaptive immune system reacts later with a retained memory.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li J, Stickel SL, Bouton-Verville H, Burgin KE, Yu X, Wong DK, Wagner TE and Wei Y: Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity. Oncol Rep 20: 1505-1509, 2008.
APA
Li, J., Stickel, S.L., Bouton-Verville, H., Burgin, K.E., Yu, X., Wong, D.K. ... Wei, Y. (2008). Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity. Oncology Reports, 20, 1505-1509. https://doi.org/10.3892/or_00000172
MLA
Li, J., Stickel, S. L., Bouton-Verville, H., Burgin, K. E., Yu, X., Wong, D. K., Wagner, T. E., Wei, Y."Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity". Oncology Reports 20.6 (2008): 1505-1509.
Chicago
Li, J., Stickel, S. L., Bouton-Verville, H., Burgin, K. E., Yu, X., Wong, D. K., Wagner, T. E., Wei, Y."Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity". Oncology Reports 20, no. 6 (2008): 1505-1509. https://doi.org/10.3892/or_00000172
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li J, Stickel SL, Bouton-Verville H, Burgin KE, Yu X, Wong DK, Wagner TE and Wei Y: Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity. Oncol Rep 20: 1505-1509, 2008.
APA
Li, J., Stickel, S.L., Bouton-Verville, H., Burgin, K.E., Yu, X., Wong, D.K. ... Wei, Y. (2008). Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity. Oncology Reports, 20, 1505-1509. https://doi.org/10.3892/or_00000172
MLA
Li, J., Stickel, S. L., Bouton-Verville, H., Burgin, K. E., Yu, X., Wong, D. K., Wagner, T. E., Wei, Y."Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity". Oncology Reports 20.6 (2008): 1505-1509.
Chicago
Li, J., Stickel, S. L., Bouton-Verville, H., Burgin, K. E., Yu, X., Wong, D. K., Wagner, T. E., Wei, Y."Fermented Noni Exudate (fNE): A mediator between immune system and anti-tumor activity". Oncology Reports 20, no. 6 (2008): 1505-1509. https://doi.org/10.3892/or_00000172
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