Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
World Academy of Sciences Journal
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2632-2900 Online ISSN: 2632-2919
Journal Cover
March-April 2020 Volume 2 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-April 2020 Volume 2 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Ge Yan
    • Mohamed Elbadawi
    • Thomas Efferth
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, D‑55128 Mainz, Germany
    Copyright: © Yan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 39-48
    |
    Published online on: March 11, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2020.40
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cell death, as a final cellular decision which is reached following complex communications, represents a critical process with which to maintain organismic homeostasis. Different classifications and nomenclatures have brought considerable confusion to cell death determination. In the present review article, the hallmarks of different cell death modes are systematically described and are fitted into a simple classification system, where the cell death entities are primarily categorized into programmed cell death (PCD) or non‑PCD based on their signal dependency. PCD can be further categorized as apoptotic cell death or non‑apoptotic cell death. Programmed apoptosis consists of apoptosis, as well as anoikis. Multiple mechanisms and phenotypes compose programmed non‑apoptotic cell death, including vacuole‑presenting cell death (autophagy, entosis, methuosis and paraptosis), mitochondrial‑dependent cell death (mitoptosis and parthanatos), iron‑dependent cell death (ferroptosis), immune‑reactive cell death (pyroptosis and NETosis), as well as other types, such as necroptosis. Finally, necrosis represents a form of non‑programmed cell death.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Green DR and Llambi F: Cell death signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 7: pii(a006080)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, et al: Molecular mechanisms of cell death: Recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. Cell Death Differ. 25:486–541. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Tang D, Kang R, Berghe TV, Vandenabeele P and Kroemer G: The molecular machinery of regulated cell death. Cell Res. 29:347–364. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Syntichaki P and Tavernarakis N: Death by necrosis. Uncontrollable catastrophe, or is there order behind the chaos? EMBO Rep. 3:604–609. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Elmore S: Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol. 35:495–516. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Paoli P, Giannoni E and Chiarugi P: Anoikis molecular pathways and its role in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1833:3481–3498. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Ravanan P, Srikumar IF and Talwar P: Autophagy. The spotlight for cellular stress responses. Life Sci. 188:53–67. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Krishna S and Overholtzer M: Mechanisms and consequences of entosis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 73:2379–2386. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Maltese WA and Overmeyer JH: Methuosis. Nonapoptotic cell death associated with vacuolization of macropinosome and endosome compartments. Am J Pathol. 184:1630–1642. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Lee D, Kim IY, Saha S and Choi KS: Paraptosis in the anti-cancer arsenal of natural products. Pharmacol Ther. 162:120–133. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Fatokun AA, Dawson VL and Dawson TM: Parthanatos: Mitochondrial-linked mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Br J Pharmacol. 171:2000–2016. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Yu H, Guo P, Xie X, Wang Y and Chen G: Ferroptosis, a new form of cell death, and its relationships with tumourous diseases. J Cell Mol Med. 21:648–657. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Bergsbaken T, Fink SL and Cookson BT: Pyroptosis. Host cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Microbiol. 7:99–109. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Neubert E, Meyer D, Rocca F, Günay G, Kwaczala-Tessmann A, Grandke J, Senger-Sander S, Geisler C, Egner A, Schön MP, et al: Chromatin swelling drives neutrophil extracellular trap release. Nat Commun. 9(3767)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Vanlangenakker N, Vanden Berghe T and Vandenabeele P: Many stimuli pull the necrotic trigger, an overview. Cell Death Differ. 19:75–86. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Won SJ, Kim DY and Gwag BJ: Cellular and molecular pathways of ischemic neuronal death. J Biochem Mol Biol. 35:67–86. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Weerasinghe P and Buja LM: Oncosis. An important non-apoptotic mode of cell death. Exp Mol Pathol. 93:302–308. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Frisch SM and Screaton RA: Anoikis mechanisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 13:555–562. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Girnius N and Davis RJ: JNK promotes epithelial cell anoikis by transcriptional and post-translational regulation of BH3-only proteins. Cell Rep. 21:1910–1921. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Muganda PM (ed): Apoptosis methods in toxicology. Humana Press, New York, NY, 2016.

21 

Liu Y and Levine B: Autosis and autophagic cell death: The dark side of autophagy. Cell Death Differ. 22:367–376. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Pajares M, Jiménez-Moreno N, García-Yagüe ÁJ, Escoll M, de Ceballos ML, van Leuven F, Rábano A, Yamamoto M, Rojo AI and Cuadrado A: Transcription factor NFE2L2/NRF2 is a regulator of macroautophagy genes. Autophagy. 12:1902–1916. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Mercer CA, Kaliappan A and Dennis PB: A novel, human Atg13 binding protein, Atg101, interacts with ULK1 and is essential for macroautophagy. Autophagy. 5:649–662. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Chen Y and Klionsky DJ: The regulation of autophagy-unanswered questions. J Cell Sci. 124:161–170. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Mizushima N: A brief history of autophagy from cell biology to physiology and disease. Nat Cell Biol. 20:521–527. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Hansen M, Rubinsztein DC and Walker DW: Autophagy as a promoter of longevity: Insights from model organisms. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 19:579–593. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Orhon I and Reggiori F: Assays to monitor autophagy progression in cell cultures. Cells. 6: pii(E20)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

White E: Entosis: It's a cell-eat-cell world. Cell. 131:840–842. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Ishikawa F, Ushida K, Mori K and Shibanuma M: Loss of anchorage primarily induces non-apoptotic cell death in a human mammary epithelial cell line under atypical focal adhesion kinase signaling. Cell Death Dis. 6(e1619)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Wan Q, Liu J, Zheng Z, Zhu H, Chu X, Dong Z, Huang S and Du Q: Regulation of myosin activation during cell-cell contact formation by Par3-Lgl antagonism: Entosis without matrix detachment. Mol Biol Cell. 23:2076–2091. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Garanina AS, Kisurina-Evgenieva OP, Erokhina MV, Smirnova EA, Factor VM and Onishchenko GE: Consecutive entosis stages in human substrate-dependent cultured cells. Sci Rep. 7(12555)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Sun Q and Overholtzer M: Methods for the study of entosis. Methods Mol Biol. 1004:59–66. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Huang H, Chen A, Wang T, Wang M, Ning X, He M, Hu Y, Yuan L, Li S, Wang Q, et al: Detecting cell-in-cell structures in human tumor samples by E-cadherin/CD68/CD45 triple staining. Oncotarget. 6:20278–20287. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Kaul A, Overmeyer JH and Maltese WA: Activated Ras induces cytoplasmic vacuolation and non-apoptotic death in glioblastoma cells via novel effector pathways. Cell Signal. 19:1034–1043. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Bhanot H, Young AM, Overmeyer JH and Maltese WA: Induction of nonapoptotic cell death by activated Ras requires inverse regulation of Rac1 and Arf6. Mol Cancer Res. 8:1358–1374. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Overmeyer JH, Young AM, Bhanot H and Maltese WA: A chalcone-related small molecule that induces methuosis, a novel form of non-apoptotic cell death, in glioblastoma cells. Mol Cancer. 10(69)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Trabbic CJ, Dietsch HM, Alexander EM, Nagy PI, Robinson MW, Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA and Erhardt PW: Differential induction of cytoplasmic vacuolization and methuosis by novel 2-indolyl-substituted pyridinylpropenones. ACS Med Chem Lett. 5:73–77. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Silva-Pavez E, Villar P, Trigo C, Caamaño E, Niechi I, Pérez P, Muñoz JP, Aguayo F, Burzio VA, Varas-Godoy M, et al: CK2 inhibition with silmitasertib promotes methuosis-like cell death associated to catastrophic massive vacuolization of colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis. 10(73)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Sperandio S, de Belle I and Bredesen DE: An alternative, nonapoptotic form of programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:14376–14381. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Sperandio S, Poksay K, de Belle I, Lafuente MJ, Liu B, Nasir J and Bredesen DE: Paraptosis: Mediation by MAP kinases and inhibition by AIP-1/Alix. Cell Death Differ. 11:1066–1075. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Yoon MJ, Lee AR, Jeong SA, Kim YS, Kim JY, Kwon YJ and Choi KS: Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and its subsequent influx into mitochondria trigger celastrol-induced paraptosis in cancer cells. Oncotarget. 5:6816–6831. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Gandin V, Pellei M, Tisato F, Porchia M, Santini C and Marzano C: A novel copper complex induces paraptosis in colon cancer cells via the activation of ER stress signalling. J Cell Mol Med. 16:142–151. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Ghosh K, De S, Das S, Mukherjee S and Sengupta Bandyopadhyay S: Withaferin a induces ROS-mediated paraptosis in human breast cancer cell-lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. PLoS One. 11(e0168488)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Kessel D: Apoptosis, paraptosis and autophagy: Death and survival pathways associated with photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol. 95:119–125. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Lyamzaev KG, Nepryakhina OK, Saprunova VB, Bakeeva LE, Pletjushkina OY, Chernyak BV and Skulachev VP: Novel mechanism of elimination of malfunctioning mitochondria (mitoptosis). Formation of mitoptotic bodies and extrusion of mitochondrial material from the cell. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1777:817–825. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Jangamreddy JR and Los MJ: Mitoptosis, a novel mitochondrial death mechanism leading predominantly to activation of autophagy. Hepat Mon. 12(e6159)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Youle RJ and Karbowski M: Mitochondrial fission in apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6:657–663. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Arnoult D, Rismanchi N, Grodet A, Roberts RG, Seeburg DP, Estaquier J, Sheng M and Blackstone C: Bax/Bak-dependent release of DDP/TIMM8a promotes Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitoptosis during programmed cell death. Curr Biol. 15:2112–2118. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

David KK, Andrabi SA, Dawson TM and Dawson VL: Parthanatos, a messenger of death. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 14:1116–1128. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Yu SW, Wang H, Poitras MF, Coombs C, Bowers WJ, Federoff HJ, Poirier GG, Dawson TM and Dawson VL: Mediation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-dependent cell death by apoptosis-inducing factor. Science. 297:259–263. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Latunde-Dada GO: Ferroptosis. Role of lipid peroxidation, iron and ferritinophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 1861:1893–1900. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Liu X, Zhang Z, Ruan J, Pan Y, Magupalli VG, Wu H and Lieberman J: Inflammasome-activated gasdermin D causes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores. Nature. 535:153–158. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Lacey CA, Mitchell WJ, Dadelahi AS and Skyberg JA: Caspase-1 and caspase-11 mediate pyroptosis, inflammation, and control of brucella joint infection. Infect Immun. 86: pii(e00361-18)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

den Hartigh AB and Fink SL: Pyroptosis induction and detection. Curr Protoc Immunol: Jul 20, 2018 (Epub ahead of print).

55 

Branzk N and Papayannopoulos V: Molecular mechanisms regulating NETosis in infection and disease. Semin Immunopathol. 35:513–530. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Remijsen Q, Vanden Berghe T, Wirawan E, Asselbergh B, Parthoens E, De Rycke R, Noppen S, Delforge M, Willems J and Vandenabeele P: Neutrophil extracellular trap cell death requires both autophagy and superoxide generation. Cell Res. 21:290–304. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Wang Y, Li M, Stadler S, Correll S, Li P, Wang D, Hayama R, Leonelli L, Han H, Grigoryev SA, et al: Histone hypercitrullination mediates chromatin decondensation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. J Cell Biol. 184:205–213. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Masuda S, Nakazawa D, Shida H, Miyoshi A, Kusunoki Y, Tomaru U and Ishizu A: NETosis markers: Quest for specific, objective, and quantitative markers. Clin Chim Acta. 459:89–93. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Kaiser WJ, Sridharan H, Huang C, Mandal P, Upton JW, Gough PJ, Sehon CA, Marquis RW, Bertin J and Mocarski ES: Toll-like receptor 3-mediated necrosis via TRIF, RIP3, and MLKL. J Biol Chem. 288:31268–31279. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Weinlich R, Oberst A, Beere HM and Green DR: Necroptosis in development, inflammation and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 18:127–136. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

61 

He S, Wang L, Miao L, Wang T, Du F, Zhao L and Wang X: Receptor interacting protein kinase-3 determines cellular necrotic response to TNF-alpha. Cell. 137:1100–1111. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Sun L, Wang H, Wang Z, He S, Chen S, Liao D, Wang L, Yan J, Liu W, Lei X and Wang X: Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase. Cell. 148:213–227. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Wang H, Sun L, Su L, Rizo J, Liu L, Wang LF, Wang FS and Wang X: Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein MLKL causes necrotic membrane disruption upon phosphorylation by RIP3. Mol Cell. 54:133–146. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

64 

Cai Z, Jitkaew S, Zhao J, Chiang HC, Choksi S, Liu J, Ward Y, Wu LG and Liu ZG: Plasma membrane translocation of trimerized MLKL protein is required for TNF-induced necroptosis. Nat Cell Biol. 16:55–65. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

65 

Maelfait J, Liverpool L, Bridgeman A, Ragan KB, Upton JW and Rehwinkel J: Sensing of viral and endogenous RNA by ZBP1/DAI induces necroptosis. EMBO J. 36:2529–2543. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

66 

Vanden Berghe T, Grootjans S, Goossens V, Dondelinger Y, Krysko DV, Takahashi N and Vandenabeele P: Determination of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. Methods. 61:117–129. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

67 

Messmer MN, Snyder AG and Oberst A: Comparing the effects of different cell death programs in tumor progression and immunotherapy. Cell Death Differ. 26:115–129. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

68 

Labi V and Erlacher M: How cell death shapes cancer. Cell Death Dis. 6(e1675)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

69 

Mathew R, Karantza-Wadsworth V and White E: Role of autophagy in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 7:961–967. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

70 

Durgan J and Florey O: Cancer cell cannibalism: Multiple triggers emerge for entosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 1865:831–841. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

71 

Wang X, Li Y, Li J, Le Li Zhu H, Chen H, Kong R, Wang G, Wang Y, Hu J and Sun B: Cell-in-cell phenomenon and its relationship with tumor microenvironment and tumor progression: A review. Front Cell Dev Biol. 7(311)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

72 

Nitatori T, Sato N, Waguri S, Karasawa Y, Araki H, Shibanai K, Kominami E and Uchiyama Y: Delayed neuronal death in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the gerbil hippocampus following transient ischemia is apoptosis. J Neurosci. 15:1001–1011. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

73 

Uchiyama Y, Koike M and Shibata M: Autophagic neuron death in neonatal brain ischemia/hypoxia. Autophagy. 4:404–408. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

74 

Lev N, Melamed E and Offen D: Apoptosis and Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 27:245–250. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

75 

Iannielli A, Bido S, Folladori L, Segnali A, Cancellieri C, Maresca A, Massimino L, Rubio A, Morabito G, Caporali L, et al: Pharmacological inhibition of necroptosis protects from dopaminergic neuronal cell death in parkinson's disease models. Cell Rep. 22:2066–2079. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

76 

Chi H, Chang HY and Sang TK: Neuronal cell death mechanisms in major neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 19: pii(E3082)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

77 

Clarke M, Bennett M and Littlewood T: Cell death in the cardiovascular system. Heart. 93:659–664. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

78 

Lee Y and Gustafsson AB: Role of apoptosis in cardiovascular disease. Apoptosis. 14:536–548. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

79 

Chiong M, Wang ZV, Pedrozo Z, Cao DJ, Troncoso R, Ibacache M, Criollo A, Nemchenko A, Hill JA and Lavandero S: Cardiomyocyte death: Mechanisms and translational implications. Cell Death Dis. 2(e244)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

80 

Del Re DP, Amgalan D, Linkermann A, Liu Q and Kitsis RN: Fundamental mechanisms of regulated cell death and implications for heart disease. Physiol Rev. 99:1765–1817. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

81 

Darrah E and Andrade F: NETs: The missing link between cell death and systemic autoimmune diseases? Front Immunol. 3(428)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

82 

Vanden Berghe T, Kaiser WJ, Bertrand MJ and Vandenabeele P: Molecular crosstalk between apoptosis, necroptosis, and survival signaling. Mol Cell Oncol. 2(e975093)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

83 

Ali M and Mocarski ES: Proteasome inhibition blocks necroptosis by attenuating death complex aggregation. Cell Death Dis. 9(346)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

84 

Green DR: The coming decade of cell death research: Five riddles. Cell. 177:1094–1107. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

85 

Eckhart L, Lippens S, Tschachler E and Declercq W: Cell death by cornification. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1833:3471–3480. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

86 

Emanuele S, Oddo E, D'Anneo A, Notaro A, Calvaruso G, Lauricella M and Giuliano M: Routes to cell death in animal and plant kingdoms. From classic apoptosis to alternative ways to die-a review. Rend Lincei Sci Fis. 29:397–409. 2018.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yan G, Elbadawi M and Efferth T: Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review). World Acad Sci J 2: 39-48, 2020.
APA
Yan, G., Elbadawi, M., & Efferth, T. (2020). Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 2, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2020.40
MLA
Yan, G., Elbadawi, M., Efferth, T."Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 2.2 (2020): 39-48.
Chicago
Yan, G., Elbadawi, M., Efferth, T."Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 2, no. 2 (2020): 39-48. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2020.40
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yan G, Elbadawi M and Efferth T: Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review). World Acad Sci J 2: 39-48, 2020.
APA
Yan, G., Elbadawi, M., & Efferth, T. (2020). Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 2, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2020.40
MLA
Yan, G., Elbadawi, M., Efferth, T."Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 2.2 (2020): 39-48.
Chicago
Yan, G., Elbadawi, M., Efferth, T."Multiple cell death modalities and their key features (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 2, no. 2 (2020): 39-48. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2020.40
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team