SARS‑CoV‑2 infection and children: Insights from the 6th Workshop on Paediatric Virology (Review)

Mammas,Ioannis N.; Kramvis,Anna; Papaevangelou,Vassiliki; Doukas,Sotirios G.; Naya,Sandra D.; Doukas,Panagiotis G.; Melikoki,Vassiliki; Bouros,Demosthenes; Thiagarajan,Prakash; Chrousos,George P.; Drysdale,Simon B.; Koutsaftiki,Chryssie; Papatheodoropoulou,Alexia; Theodoridou,Maria; Greenough,Anne; Spandidos,Demetrios A.

doi:10.3892/wasj.2022.150

SARS‑CoV‑2 infection and children: Insights from the 6th Workshop on Paediatric Virology (Review)

Authors:
- Ioannis N. Mammas
- Anna Kramvis
- Vassiliki Papaevangelou
- Sotirios G. Doukas
- Sandra D. Naya
- Panagiotis G. Doukas
- Vassiliki Melikoki
- Demosthenes Bouros
- Prakash Thiagarajan
- George P. Chrousos
- Simon B. Drysdale
- Chryssie Koutsaftiki
- Alexia Papatheodoropoulou
- Maria Theodoridou
- Anne Greenough
- Demetrios A. Spandidos
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Affiliations: Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa, Third Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, General University Hospital ‘ATTIKON’, 12462 Athens, Greece, Department of Medicine, Rutgers/Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovak Republic, The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA, Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital ‘TZANEIO’, 18536 Piraeus, Greece, First Academic Department of Pneumonology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 11527 Athens, Greece, Neonatal Unit, Division for Women and Children's Health, Noble's Hospital, IM4 4RJ Douglas, Isle of Man, UK, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 11527 Athens, Greece, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK, COVID‑19 Reference Centre, ‘Rafina’ Health Care Centre, 19009 Rafina, Greece, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
Published online on: March 10, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2022.150
Article Number: 15
Copyright: © Mammas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The present article provides an overview of the key messages of the plenary lectures on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection in children, which were presented at the ‘6th Workshop on Paediatric Virology’ organised by the Institute of Paediatric Virology on October 24, 2020. SARS‑CoV‑2 is a novel human coronavirus with a positive‑sense, monopartite mRNA genome, 26‑32 kilobases in length, causing mild to severe respiratory infection in humans, including children. The spike (S) protein of SARS‑CoV‑2 is the key determinant of host/cell tropism and capacity for transmission, mediating receptor binding and membrane fusion. SARS‑CoV‑2 is predominately transmitted via the respiratory route. The effects of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection occurring early during pregnancy remain unknown. Newborns rarely experience significant morbidity and mortality. In children, SARS‑CoV‑2 severe symptomatic respiratory infection has been reported much less frequently than in adults. In addition, there have been rare cases of the newly reported multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‑C), which has similarities with Kawasaki disease. Several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection; however, few have been shown to be truly efficacious. On the whole, further research, both basic and clinical, on SARS‑CoV‑2 is essential, as without a thorough knowledge of the molecular virology of SARS‑CoV‑2, effective preventive and treatment modalities, which are so urgently required, cannot be designed and implemented.

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