Open Access

Inhibitory effects of Indonesian temu kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda) rhizome extract on nitric oxide synthase production and on the kidneys of Wistar rats

  • Authors:
    • Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto
    • Irma Melyani Puspitasari
    • Ronny Lesmana
    • Sri Adi Sumiwi
    • Sandra Megantara
    • Supat Jiranusornkul
    • Jutti Levita
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 20, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2022.173
  • Article Number: 38
  • Copyright: © Rosdianto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are enzymes that function by generating nitric oxide (NO) from its substrate, L‑arginine, in human tissues. There are three known isoforms of NOS, eNOS (endothelial NOS), nNOS (neuronal NOS), and iNOS (inducible NOS). iNOS is released in response to inflammation. The human iNOS inhibitor, S‑ethylisothiourea (SEITU), has been found to attach to a Glu377 residue within the active‑site cavity of the enzyme. The discovery of iNOS inhibitors is always challenging. Boesenbergia rotunda (B. rotunda) has been reported to reduce inflammation in an animal model. The present study examined the inhibitory effects of B. rotunda rhizome ethanolic extract (BRE) on iNOS using the fluorometric method and investigated the histopathological effects of higher concentrations of BRE (1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg body weight) on the kidneys of male Wistar rats. Molecular docking simulation of quercetin and kaempferol towards iNOS was also performed. The phytochemical screening of BRE indicated the presence of polyphenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. The in vitro experiment confirmed that BRE reduced NO production with a half‑maximal inhibitory concentration value of 79.06 µg/ml. Both quercetin and kaempferol interacted with Glu377 by building hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the animal experiment resulted in no mortality and no marked morphological changes in the rat kidneys at all concentrations, indicating the safety of BRE as regards this organ. Taken together, BRE may be further developed as a safe anti‑inflammatory drug candidate.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

September-October 2022
Volume 4 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 2632-2900
Online ISSN:2632-2919

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Rosdianto AM, Puspitasari IM, Lesmana R, Sumiwi SA, Megantara S, Jiranusornkul S and Levita J: Inhibitory effects of Indonesian temu kunci (<em>Boesenbergia rotunda</em>) rhizome extract on nitric oxide synthase production and on the kidneys of Wistar rats. World Acad Sci J 4: 38, 2022
APA
Rosdianto, A.M., Puspitasari, I.M., Lesmana, R., Sumiwi, S.A., Megantara, S., Jiranusornkul, S., & Levita, J. (2022). Inhibitory effects of Indonesian temu kunci (<em>Boesenbergia rotunda</em>) rhizome extract on nitric oxide synthase production and on the kidneys of Wistar rats. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 4, 38. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2022.173
MLA
Rosdianto, A. M., Puspitasari, I. M., Lesmana, R., Sumiwi, S. A., Megantara, S., Jiranusornkul, S., Levita, J."Inhibitory effects of Indonesian temu kunci (<em>Boesenbergia rotunda</em>) rhizome extract on nitric oxide synthase production and on the kidneys of Wistar rats". World Academy of Sciences Journal 4.5 (2022): 38.
Chicago
Rosdianto, A. M., Puspitasari, I. M., Lesmana, R., Sumiwi, S. A., Megantara, S., Jiranusornkul, S., Levita, J."Inhibitory effects of Indonesian temu kunci (<em>Boesenbergia rotunda</em>) rhizome extract on nitric oxide synthase production and on the kidneys of Wistar rats". World Academy of Sciences Journal 4, no. 5 (2022): 38. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2022.173