Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
World Academy of Sciences Journal
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2632-2900 Online ISSN: 2632-2919
Journal Cover
May-June 2024 Volume 6 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-June 2024 Volume 6 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Faysal Kastella
    • Vita Murniati Tarawan
    • Iwan Setiawan
    • Decky Gunawan
    • Diana Krisanti Jasaputra
    • Hanna Goenawan
    • Julia Windi Gunadi
    • Ronny Lesmana
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kota Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Kota Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Kota Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
    Copyright: © Kastella et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 20
    |
    Published online on: March 14, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.235
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Skin homeostasis processes can be negatively affected by protein deficiency, which can cause the thinning of the epidermis and decrease collagen production in the dermis. It has been proven that exercise has benefits for skin health; however, the mechanisms of exercise as regards skin homeostasis and regeneration caused by protein deficiency are not yet fully understood. The present narrative review focuses on the potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency, predominantly with the processes that take place in the epidermis and dermis. Normal homeostasis can be disrupted by protein deficiency, which is associated with histological, physiological and metabolic changes that may lead to organ impairment. Protein malnutrition may decrease the number of epidermal stem cells, which leads to epidermal thinning. Nevertheless, protein deprivation decreases the mRNA and protein levels of collagenase. This process decreases dermal collagen levels. Exercise promotes the excretion of certain cytokines and the expression of certain genes that function in skin tissue regeneration, which include peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor (PPAR)‑γ coactivator‑1α, transforming growth factor‑β1, matrix metalloproteinase‑9, interleukin (IL)‑5, IL‑15 and sirtuin‑6, and inhibits C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 10. These genes affect skin tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Exercise can also enhance blood flow by increasing angiogenesis, and stimulating vasodilation to supply oxygen and nutrients. This is a vital factor in the synthesis of collagen. Moreover, exercise can modulate some pathways and stimulate anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant effects, contributing to skin regeneration and the healing process.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

dos Santos GG, Batool S, Hastreiter A, Sartori T, Nogueira-Pedro A, Borelli P and Fock RA: The influence of protein malnutrition on biological and immunomodulatory aspects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Nutr. 36:1149–1157. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Riyahi F, Riahy S and Yousefpour M: Reviewing the Physiology of Cutaneous Wound Healing and Evaluating the Effect of Exercise on It: A Narrative Review Article. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 19(e115926)2021.

3 

Coletti D, Teodori L, Lin Z, Beranudin JF and Adamo S: Restoration versus reconstruction: Cellular mechanisms of skin, nerve and muscle regeneration compared. Regen Med Res. 1(4)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Mazini L, Rochette L, Hamdan Y and Malka G: Skin immunomodulation during regeneration: Emerging new targets. J Pers Med. 11(85)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Sugiyama A, Fujita Y, Kobayashi T, Ryu M, Suzuki Y, Masuda A, Ochi T and Takeuchi T: Effect of protein malnutrition on the skin epidermis of hairless mice. J Vet Med Sci. 73:831–835. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Oishi Y, Fu Z, Ohnuki Y, Kato H and Noguchi T: Effects of protein deprivation on alpha1(I) and alpha1(III) collagen and its degrading system in rat skin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 66:117–126. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Garg S and Sangwan A: Dietary protein deficit and deregulated autophagy: A new Clinico-diagnostic perspective in pathogenesis of early aging, skin, and hair disorders. Indian Dermatol Online J. 10:115–124. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Alves CC, Torrinhas RS, Giorgi R, Brentani MM, Logullo AF and Waitzberg DL: TGF-β1 expression in wound healing is acutely affected by experimental malnutrition and early enteral feeding. Int Wound J. 11:533–539. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Scieglinska D, Krawczyk Z, Sojka DR and Gogler-Pigłowska A: Heat shock proteins in the physiology and pathophysiology of epidermal keratinocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones. 24:1027–1044. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Hashimoto K: Regulation of keratinocyte function by growth factors. J Dermatol Sci. 24 (Suppl 1):S46–S50. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Lavker RM and Sun TT: Epidermal stem cells: Properties, markers, and location. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:13473–13475. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Yang R, Wang J, Chen X, Shi Y and Xie J: Epidermal stem cells in wound healing and regeneration. Stem Cells Int. 2020(9148310)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Lintzeri DA, Karimian N, Blume-Peytavi U and Kottner J: Epidermal thickness in healthy humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 36:1191–1200. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Leite SN, Jordão Júnior AA, de Andrade TAM, Masson Ddos S and Frade MAC: Experimental models of malnutrition and its effect on skin trophism. An Bras Dermatol. 86:681–688. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In English, Portuguese).

15 

Wang Y and Graves DT: Keratinocyte function in normal and diabetic wounds and modulation by FOXO1. J Diabetes Res. 2020(3714704)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Naomi R, Ridzuan PM and Bahari H: Current insights into collagen type I. Polymers (Basel). 13(2642)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Lo Presti R, Hopps E and Caimi G: Gelatinases and physical exercise: A systematic review of evidence from human studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(e8072)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

de Araújo R, Lôbo M, Trindade K, Silva DF and Pereira N: Fibroblast growth factors: A controlling mechanism of skin aging. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 32:275–282. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Yin L, Zhao X, Ji S, He C, Wang G, Tang C, Gu S and Yin C: The use of gene activated matrix to mediate effective SMAD2 gene silencing against hypertrophic scar. Biomaterials. 35:2488–2498. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Liu S, Jiang L, Li H, Shi H, Luo H, Zhang Y, Yu C and Jin Y: Mesenchymal stem cells prevent hypertrophic scar formation via inflammatory regulation when undergoing apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol. 134:2648–2657. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Wang R, Ghahary A, Shen Q, Scott PG, Roy K and Tredget EE: Hypertrophic scar tissues and fibroblasts produce more transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA and protein than normal skin and cells. Wound Repair Regen. 8:128–137. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Han AJ, Alexander LC Jr, Huebner JL, Reed AB and Kraus VB: Increase in free and total plasma TGF-β1 following physical activity. Cartilage. 13 (1 Suppl):1741S–1748S. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Shi A, Hillege MMG, Wüst RCI, Wu G and Jaspers RT: Synergistic short-term and long-term effects of TGF-β1 and 3 on collagen production in differentiating myoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 547:176–182. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Hata S, Okamura K, Hatta M, Ishikawa H and Yamazaki J: Proteolytic and non-proteolytic activation of keratinocyte-derived latent TGF-β1 induces fibroblast differentiation in a wound-healing model using rat skin. J Pharmacol Sci. 124:230–243. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Konstantinou E, Zagoriti Z, Pyriochou A and Poulas K: Microcurrent stimulation triggers MAPK signaling and TGF-β1 release in fibroblast and osteoblast-like cell lines. Cells. 9(1924)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Russo B, Brembilla NC and Chizzolini C: Interplay between keratinocytes and fibroblasts: A systematic review providing a new angle for understanding skin fibrotic disorders. Front Immunol. 11(648)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Dos Santos JF, Borçari NR, da Silva Araújo M and Nunes VA: Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into keratinocytes and express epidermal kallikreins: Towards an in vitro model of human epidermis. J Cell Biochem. 120:13141–13155. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Kaimal S and Thappa DM: Diet in dermatology: Revisited. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 76:103–115. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Nishikori S, Yasuda J, Murata K, Takegaki J, Harada Y, Shirai Y and Fujita S: Resistance training rejuvenates aging skin by reducing circulating inflammatory factors and enhancing dermal extracellular matrices. Sci Rep. 13(10214)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Knaggs H and Lephart ED: Enhancing skin anti-aging through healthy lifestyle factors. Cosmetics. 10(142)2023.

31 

Yeroushalmi S, Hakimi M, Chung M, Bartholomew E, Bhutani T and Liao W: Psoriasis and exercise: A review. Psoriasis (Auckl). 12:189–197. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Lai YC and Yew YW: A relationship between physical activities and hand dermatitis: An epidemiology study of the USA population. Indian J Dermatol. 60:584–587. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Emery CF, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R, Malarkey WB and Frid DJ: Exercise accelerates wound healing among healthy older adults: A preliminary investigation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 60:1432–1436. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Pence BD and Woods JA: Exercise, obesity, and cutaneous wound healing: Evidence from rodent and human studies. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 3:71–79. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Kawanishi M, Kami K, Nishimura Y, Minami K, Senba E, Umemoto Y, Kinoshita T and Tajima F: Exercise-induced increase in M2 macrophages accelerates wound healing in young mice. Physiol Rep. 10(e15447)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Yeh C, Flatley E, Elkattawy O, Berger L and Rao B: Exercise in dermatology: Exercise's influence on skin aging, skin cancer, psoriasis, venous ulcers, and androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 87:183–184. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Ishikawa T, Ito E, Okada T and Sumi T: Hot yoga increases SIRT6 gene expression, inhibits ROS generation, and improves skin condition. Glycative Stress Res. 8:123–135. 2021.

38 

Sharples AP, Hughes DC, Deane CS, Saini A, Selman C and Stewart CE: Longevity and skeletal muscle mass: The role of IGF signalling, the sirtuins, dietary restriction and protein intake. Aging Cell. 14:511–523. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Giblin W, Skinner ME and Lombard DB: Sirtuins: Guardians of mammalian healthspan. Trends Genet. 30:271–286. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Satoh A and Imai S: Systemic regulation of mammalian ageing and longevity by brain sirtuins. Nat Commun. 5(4211)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Schmeisser K, Mansfeld J, Kuhlow D, Weimer S, Priebe S, Heiland I, Birringer M, Groth M, Segref A, Kanfi Y, et al: Role of sirtuins in lifespan regulation is linked to methylation of nicotinamide. Nat Chem Biol. 9:693–700. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Kanfi Y, Naiman S, Amir G, Peshti V, Zinman G, Nahum L, Bar-Joseph Z and Cohen HY: The sirtuin SIRT6 regulates lifespan in male mice. Nature. 483:218–221. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Imai S and Guarente L: It takes two to tango: NAD+ and sirtuins in aging/longevity control. NPJ Aging Mech Dis. 2(16017)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Kumar H and Choi DK: Hypoxia inducible factor pathway and physiological adaptation: A cell survival pathway? Mediators Inflamm. 2015(584758)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Ishihara A: Mild hyperbaric oxygen: Mechanisms and effects. J Physiol Sci. 69:573–580. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Heinen M, Borm G, van der Vleuten C, Evers A, Oostendorp R and van Achterberg T: The Lively Legs self-management programme increased physical activity and reduced wound days in leg ulcer patients: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 49:151–161. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Amatriain-Fernández S, Gronwald T, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Imperatori C, Solano AF, Latini A and Budde H: Physical exercise potentials against viral diseases like COVID-19 in the elderly. Front Med (Lausanne). 7(379)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Ryosuke O, Yoshie S and Hiromi A: The association between activity levels and skin moisturising function in adults. Dermatol Reports. 13(8811)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Hoffmann C and Weigert C: Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: The role of myokines in exercise adaptations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 7(a029793)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Ishiuchi-Sato Y and Nedachi T: Possible involvement of CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 in exercise-induced collagen production of mouse dermal fibroblasts. Endocr J. 68:1359–1365. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Yadav H and Rane SG: TGF-β/Smad3 signaling regulates brown adipocyte induction in white adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 3(35)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Barzegari A, Naghibi S, Dashty MH and Zafarabadi FK: The effect of three different exercise methods HIIT, HIT and MIT on the expression of FGF and TGF genes in liver tissue of male Wistar rats. Appl Health Stud Sport Phys. 9:100–113. 2022.

53 

Chen J, Zhou R, Feng Y and Cheng L: Molecular mechanisms of exercise contributing to tissue regeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 7(383)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kastella F, Tarawan VM, Setiawan I, Gunawan D, Jasaputra DK, Goenawan H, Gunadi JW and Lesmana R: Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review). World Acad Sci J 6: 20, 2024.
APA
Kastella, F., Tarawan, V.M., Setiawan, I., Gunawan, D., Jasaputra, D.K., Goenawan, H. ... Lesmana, R. (2024). Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 6, 20. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.235
MLA
Kastella, F., Tarawan, V. M., Setiawan, I., Gunawan, D., Jasaputra, D. K., Goenawan, H., Gunadi, J. W., Lesmana, R."Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6.3 (2024): 20.
Chicago
Kastella, F., Tarawan, V. M., Setiawan, I., Gunawan, D., Jasaputra, D. K., Goenawan, H., Gunadi, J. W., Lesmana, R."Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6, no. 3 (2024): 20. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.235
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kastella F, Tarawan VM, Setiawan I, Gunawan D, Jasaputra DK, Goenawan H, Gunadi JW and Lesmana R: Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review). World Acad Sci J 6: 20, 2024.
APA
Kastella, F., Tarawan, V.M., Setiawan, I., Gunawan, D., Jasaputra, D.K., Goenawan, H. ... Lesmana, R. (2024). Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 6, 20. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.235
MLA
Kastella, F., Tarawan, V. M., Setiawan, I., Gunawan, D., Jasaputra, D. K., Goenawan, H., Gunadi, J. W., Lesmana, R."Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6.3 (2024): 20.
Chicago
Kastella, F., Tarawan, V. M., Setiawan, I., Gunawan, D., Jasaputra, D. K., Goenawan, H., Gunadi, J. W., Lesmana, R."Potential mechanisms of exercise in maintaining skin homeostasis disrupted by protein deficiency (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6, no. 3 (2024): 20. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.235
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team