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Review Open Access

Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Muhammad Ahmad
    • Ishtiaq Ahmed
    • Tayyaba Akhtar
    • Muhammad Amir
    • Shakeela Parveen
    • Edward Narayan
    • Hafiz M.n. Iqbal
    • Saif Ur Rehman
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China, La Trobe Rural Health School, Albury‑Wodonga Campus, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria 3690, Australia, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan, School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia, Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia, Facultad de Agronomía, Campus Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, C.P. 66050, Mexico
    Copyright: © Ahmad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 55
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    Published online on: August 1, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.270
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Abstract

Emerging and re‑emerging infectious diseases pose significant challenges to animal and public health, and are aligning with global food security concerns. Anthropogenic activities, such as changes in climate, agricultural procedures and farming practices contribute to the spread of zoonotic infections in new geographical areas. Overall diagnostic quality and treatment options have improved over the past few decades. The re‑emergence of old and new lethal diseases, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals and humans, along with recurring epidemics, is increasingly threatening different sectors, including the animal care industry and veterinary medicine. The rapid pace of the animal industry, environmental change and socioeconomic burdens are influencing and challenging veterinarians, farmers and epidemiologists in their capacity to survey and control the spread of diseases in animals, and signify the useful impacts on their livelihoods and environment. There is high research interest in engineering various types of drug‑loaded cues with multiple functionalities to tackle several infectious and non‑infectious diseases. Additionally, the issue can be resolved with international‑level awareness efforts, the deployment of proper design and reliable reporting standards, precise test protocols, and acceptance of the utilization of latent class models to account for, interpret and justify imperfect reference tests. The present review discusses the challenges and strategies for preventing and combating infectious diseases in livestock. Furthermore, the ongoing challenges are summarized, and future considerations, concluding remarks and recommendations are also provided for progress in the animal care and medicine sectors.
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Spandidos Publications style
Ahmad M, Ahmed I, Akhtar T, Amir M, Parveen S, Narayan E, Iqbal HM and Rehman S: Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review). World Acad Sci J 6: 55, 2024.
APA
Ahmad, M., Ahmed, I., Akhtar, T., Amir, M., Parveen, S., Narayan, E. ... Rehman, S. (2024). Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 6, 55. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.270
MLA
Ahmad, M., Ahmed, I., Akhtar, T., Amir, M., Parveen, S., Narayan, E., Iqbal, H. M., Rehman, S."Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6.6 (2024): 55.
Chicago
Ahmad, M., Ahmed, I., Akhtar, T., Amir, M., Parveen, S., Narayan, E., Iqbal, H. M., Rehman, S."Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6, no. 6 (2024): 55. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.270
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ahmad M, Ahmed I, Akhtar T, Amir M, Parveen S, Narayan E, Iqbal HM and Rehman S: Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review). World Acad Sci J 6: 55, 2024.
APA
Ahmad, M., Ahmed, I., Akhtar, T., Amir, M., Parveen, S., Narayan, E. ... Rehman, S. (2024). Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 6, 55. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.270
MLA
Ahmad, M., Ahmed, I., Akhtar, T., Amir, M., Parveen, S., Narayan, E., Iqbal, H. M., Rehman, S."Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6.6 (2024): 55.
Chicago
Ahmad, M., Ahmed, I., Akhtar, T., Amir, M., Parveen, S., Narayan, E., Iqbal, H. M., Rehman, S."Strategies and innovations for combatting diseases in animals (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6, no. 6 (2024): 55. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.270
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