Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
World Academy of Sciences Journal
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2632-2900 Online ISSN: 2632-2919
Journal Cover
November-December 2024 Volume 6 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-December 2024 Volume 6 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study

  • Authors:
    • Fahad D.F. Abo-Ghneim
    • Hussain Jasem Mohammed
    • Dhafer A.F. Al-Koofee
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Healthy and Medical Techniques, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Najaf 54002, Iraq
    Copyright: © Abo-Ghneim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 66
    |
    Published online on: September 20, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.281
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by declining kidney function, ranging from mild damage to end‑stage renal disease. Its prevalence globally is estimated to be between 8 and 16%, with higher rates occurring in low‑ and middle‑income regions. Underlying factors include diabetes, hypertension and genetic predisposition. The multifactorial nature of CKD is influenced by genetics, renal function monitoring, anemia, electrolyte imbalances and other risk factors. The present study collected 465 samples from subjects aged 18‑65 years for a case‑control study. These included 219 patients with CKD (101 females and 118 males; mean ages, 46.56 and 46.84 years, respectively) and 246 healthy individuals (131 women and 115 men; mean ages, 37.16 and 41.23 years, respectively). Whole blood was drawn for serum analysis for the purpose of comparing various biochemical parameters between patients with CKD and the healthy subjects, including total protein, albumin, ferritin, unsaturated iron binding capacity, iron, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, glucose, urea, serum creatinine, total calcium, free calcium, sodium, potassium, 8‑hydroxy‑2'‑deoxyguanosine (8‑OHdG) and phosphorus. The results obtained revealed a significant association between age and the occurrence of CKD (P<0.001), as well as between body mass index and the likelihood of developing CKD (P=0.031), indicating a connection between obesity and CKD. Biochemical analysis revealed disparities in several markers among patients with CKD, including glucose, urea, serum creatinine, iron, liver enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT), phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and 8‑OHdG (P<0.05). However, no notable differences in terms of sex were observed when comparing each sex group separately for the patients and controls. On the whole, the present study underscores the multifactorial nature of CKD, and its significant association with age. The 8‑OHdG oxidative stress marker demonstrated potential in terms of distinguishing between CKD and healthy subjects. Further research is required, however, to explore additional CKD factors and to develop interventions for at‑risk populations.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Khater MH, Abd El-Hassib DM, Sabry JH, Elkilany RM and Ameen SG: Association between renalase gene polymorphism (rs2296545) and hypertension in Egyptian chronic kidney disease patients. Cureus. 15(e47903)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Murphy D, McCulloch CE, Lin F, Banerjee T, Bragg-Gresham JL, Eberhardt MS, Morgenstern H, Pavkov ME, Saran R, Powe NR, et al: Trends in prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 165:473–481. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Jha V, Garcia-Garcia G, Iseki K, Li Z, Naicker S, Plattner B, Saran R, Wang AY and Yang CW: Chronic kidney disease: Global dimension and perspectives. Lancet. 382:260–272. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Mills KT, Xu Y, Zhang W, Bundy JD, Chen CS, Kelly TN, Chen J and He J: A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010. Kidney Int. 88:950–957. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Mallamaci F and Tripepi G: Risk factors of chronic kidney disease progression: Between old and new concepts. J Clin Med. 13(678)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Ahlawat RS, Gupta S, Kapoor S and Kar P: Polymorphism of renalase gene in patients of chronic kidney disease. Open J Nephrol. 2:136–143. 2012.

7 

Naik RP, Derebail VK, Grams ME, Franceschini N, Auer PL, Peloso GM, Young BA, Lettre G, Peralta CA, Katz R, et al: Association of sickle cell trait with chronic kidney disease and albuminuria in African Americans. JAMA. 312:2115–2125. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

O'Seaghdha CM, Parekh RS, Hwang SJ, Li M, Köttgen A, Coresh J, Yang Q, Fox CS and Kao WH: The MYH9/APOL1 region and chronic kidney disease in European-Americans. Hum Mol Genet. 20:2450–2456. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Ameer QZ: Hypertension in chronic kidney disease: What lies behind the scene. Front Pharmacol. 13(949260)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Erfanpoor S, Etemad K, Kazempour S, Hadaegh F, Hasani J, Azizi F, Parizadeh D and Khalili D: Diabetes, hypertension, and incidence of chronic kidney disease: Is there any multiplicative or additive interaction? Int J Endocrinol Metab. 19(e101061)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Kushwaha R, Vardhan PS and Kushwaha PP: Chronic kidney disease interplay with comorbidities and carbohydrate metabolism: A review. Life (Basel). 14(13)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Gerich JE: Physiology of glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2:345–350. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Kamal A: Estimation of blood urea (Bun) and serum creatinine level in patients of renal disorder. Indian J Fundam Appl Life Sci. 4:199–202. 2014.

14 

Lousa I, Reis F, Beirão I, Alves R, Belo L and Santos-Silva A: New potential biomarkers for chronic kidney disease management-a review of the literature. Int J Mol Sci. 22(43)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Rehberg PB: Studies on kidney function: The rate of filtration and reabsorption in the human kidney. Biochem J. 20:447–460. 1926.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Bosch JP, Saccaggi A, Lauer A, Ronco C, Belledonne M and Glabman S: Renal functional reserve in humans. Effect of protein intake on glomerular filtration rate. Am J Med. 75:943–950. 1983.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Waikar SS and Bonventre JV: Creatinine kinetics and the definition of acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 20:672–679. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Stevens PE and Levin A: KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med. 3:825–831. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Gafter-Gvili A, Schechter A and Rozen-Zvi B: Iron deficiency anemia in chronic kidney disease. Acta Haematol. 142:44–50. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Gaweda AE: Markers of iron status in chronic kidney disease. Hemodial Int. 21 (Suppl 1):S21–S27. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Poojar B, Ommurugan B, Adiga S, Thomas H, Sori RK, Poojar B, Hodlur N, Tilak A, Korde R and Gandigawad P: Methodology Used in the Study. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 7:1–5. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Omari Shekaftik S and Nasirzadeh N: 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage induced by occupational exposure to nanomaterials: A systematic review. Nanotoxicology. 15:850–864. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Jacobson MH, Liu M, Wu Y, Furth S, Warady B, Trachtman H and Trasande L: Oxidant stress and renal function among children with chronic kidney disease: A repeated measures study. Sci Rep. 10(3129)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Okamura DM and Himmelfarb J: Tipping the redox balance of oxidative stress in fibrogenic pathways in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 24:2309–2319. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Honda T, Hirakawa Y and Nangaku M: The role of oxidative stress and hypoxia in renal disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 38:414–426. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Goriuc A, Cojocaru KA, Luchian I, Ursu RG, Butnaru O and Foia L: Using 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG) as a reliable biomarker for assessing periodontal disease associated with diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 25(1425)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Dhondup T and Qian Q: Acid-base and electrolyte disorders in patients with and without chronic kidney disease: An update. Kidney Dis (Basel). 3:136–148. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Ray L, Nanda SK, Chatterjee A, Sarangi R and Ganguly S: A comparative study of serum aminotransferases in chronic kidney disease with and without end-stage renal disease: Need for new reference ranges. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 5:31–35. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Cheng T, Wang X, Han Y, Hao J, Hu H and Hao L: The level of serum albumin is associated with renal prognosis and renal function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 24(57)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Mehmood HR, Khan Z, Jahangir HMS, Hussain A, Elahi A and Askari SMH: Assessment of serum biochemical derangements and associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 17:376–383. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Kuhn C, Mohebbi N and Ritter A: Metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease: Mere consequence or also culprit? Pflugers Arch. 476:579–592. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Poznyak AV, Sadykhov NK, Kartuesov AG, Borisov EE, Sukhorukov VN and Orekhov AN: Atherosclerosis specific features in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Biomedicines. 10(2094)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Li J, Liu D and Liu Z: Serum Total bilirubin and progression of chronic kidney disease and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 7(549)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Taliercio JJ, Schold JD, Simon JF, Arrigain S, Tang A, Saab G, Nally JV Jr and Navaneethan SD: Prognostic importance of serum alkaline phosphatase in CKD stages 3-4 in a clinical population. Am J Kidney Dis. 62:703–710. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Gluba-Brzózka A, Franczyk B, Olszewski R and Rysz J: The influence of inflammation on anemia in CKD patients. Int J Mol Sci. 21(725)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

McClellan WM, Flanders WD, Langston RD, Jurkovitz C and Presley R: Anemia and renal insufficiency are independent risk factors for death among patients with congestive heart failure admitted to community hospitals: A population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:1928–1936. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Guerra F, Di Giacomo D, Ranieri J, Tunno M, Piscitani L and Ferri C: Chronic kidney disease and its relationship with mental health: Allostatic load perspective for integrated care. J Pers Med. 11(1367)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Mizdrak M, Kumrić M, Kurir TT and Božić J: Emerging biomarkers for early detection of chronic kidney disease. J Pers Med. 12(548)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Vallianou NG, Mitesh S, Gkogkou A and Geladari E: Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease: Is there any relationship? Curr Cardiol Rev. 15:55–63. 2019.

40 

Al-Wahsh H, Lam NN, Liu P, Quinn RR, Fiocco M, Hemmelgarn B, Tangri N, Tonelli M and Ravani P: Investigating the relationship between age and kidney failure in adults with category 4 chronic kidney disease. Can J Kidney Heal Dis. 7(2054358120966819)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Nguyen A, Khafagy R, Gao Y, Meerasa A, Roshandel D, Anvari M, Lin B, Cherney DZI, Farkouh ME, Shah BR, et al: Erratum. Association between obesity and chronic kidney disease: multivariable mendelian randomization analysis and observational data from a bariatric surgery cohort. Diabetes 2023;72:496-510. Diabetes. 72(1174)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Prasad R, Jha RK and Keerti A: Chronic kidney disease: Its relationship with obesity. Cureus. 14(e30535)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Yang S, Ling J, Zhang S, Li Y and Yang G: Metabolic dysfunction, rather than obesity, is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease in Chinese population. Aging Male. 27(2335158)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Mather A and Pollock C: Glucose handling by the kidney. Kidney Int. 79 (Suppl 120):S1–S6. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Wright EM, Hirayama BA and Loo DF: Active sugar transport in health and disease. J Intern Med. 261:32–43. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Merzah KS and Hasson SF: The biochemical changes in patients with chronic renal failure. Int J Pharma Med Biol Sci. 4:75–79. 2015.

47 

Nisha R, Srinivasa Kannan SR, Thanga Mariappan K and Jagatha P: Biochemical evaluation of creatinine and urea in patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. J Clin Pathol Lab Med. 1:1–5. 2017.

48 

Pandya D, Nagrajappa AK and Ravi KS: Assessment and correlation of urea and creatinine levels in saliva and serum of patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes and hypertension-A research study. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 10:ZC58–ZC62. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Fujisawa H, Nakayama M, Haruyama N, Fukui A, Yoshitomi R, Tsuruya K, Nakano T and Kitazono T: Association between iron status markers and kidney outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep. 13(18278)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Cavalcanti Sette LHB and de Almeida Lopes EP: Liver enzymes serum levels in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: A comprehensive review. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 69:271–278. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Sabouri S, Afzal Aghaee M, Lotfi Z, Esmaily H, Alizadeh M and Mozafari HM: Evaluation of liver enzymes in end-stage renal disease patients on the renal transplant-waiting list in north-west of Iran. Nephrourol Mon. 12(e107859)2020.

52 

Crawford DR, Reyna RS and Weiner MW: Effects of in vivo and in vitro dialysis on plasma transaminase activity. Nephron. 22:418–422. 1978.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

El-Khoury JM and Wang S: Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. In: Kazmierczak SC, Azzazy HME (eds). Diagnostic Enzymology. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter, pp81-104, 2014.

54 

Cohen DL and Townsend RR: Central blood pressure and chronic kidney disease progression. Int J Nephrol. 2011(407801)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Beddhu S, Ma X, Baird B, Cheung AK and Greene T: Serum alkaline phosphatase and mortality in African Americans with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 4:1805–1810. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

O'Rourke MF and Safar ME: Relationship between aortic stiffening and microvascular disease in brain and kidney: Cause and logic of therapy. Hypertension. 46:200–204. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Gatua WK, Ngeranwa JJN and Mbugua P: The effects of chronic kidney disease on liver function tests: The laboratory interpretation perspective. Asian J Med Sci. 10:13–18. 2019.

58 

Molla MD, Degef M, Bekele A, Geto Z, Challa F, Lejisa T, Getahun T, Sileshi M, Tolcha Y, Ashebir G and Seifu D: Assessment of serum electrolytes and kidney function test for screening of chronic kidney disease among ethiopian public health institute staff members, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nephrol. 21(494)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A and Chandra N: Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 4:118–126. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Tarng DC, Wen Chen T, Huang TP, Chen CL, Liu TY and Wei YH: Increased oxidative damage to peripheral blood leukocyte DNA in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:1321–1330. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

61 

Sanchez M, Roussel R, Hadjadj S, Moutairou A, Marre M, Velho G and Mohammedi K: Plasma concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and risk of kidney disease and death in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 61:977–984. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Wojtaszek E, Oldakowska-Jedynak U, Kwiatkowska M, Glogowski T and Malyszko J: Uremic toxins, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease, and kidney transplantation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021(6651367)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Adamczak M, de Oliveira RB, Massy ZA, Sarafidis P, Agarwal R, Mark PB, Kotanko P, Ferro CJ, et al: Cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease: A review from the European renal and cardiovascular medicine working group of the European renal association. Cardiovasc Res. 119:2017–2032. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

64 

Begum S and Latunde-Dada GO: Anemia of inflammation with an emphasis on chronic kidney disease. Nutrients. 11(2424)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

65 

Lewandowski MJ, Krenn S, Kurnikowski A, Bretschneider P, Sattler M, Schwaiger E, Antlanger M, Gauckler P, Pirklbauer M, Brunner M, et al: Chronic kidney disease is more prevalent among women but more men than women are under nephrological care: Analysis from six outpatient clinics in Austria 2019. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 135:89–96. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Abo-Ghneim FD, Mohammed HJ and Al-Koofee DA: Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study. World Acad Sci J 6: 66, 2024.
APA
Abo-Ghneim, F.D., Mohammed, H.J., & Al-Koofee, D.A. (2024). Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 6, 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.281
MLA
Abo-Ghneim, F. D., Mohammed, H. J., Al-Koofee, D. A."Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6.6 (2024): 66.
Chicago
Abo-Ghneim, F. D., Mohammed, H. J., Al-Koofee, D. A."Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6, no. 6 (2024): 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.281
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Abo-Ghneim FD, Mohammed HJ and Al-Koofee DA: Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study. World Acad Sci J 6: 66, 2024.
APA
Abo-Ghneim, F.D., Mohammed, H.J., & Al-Koofee, D.A. (2024). Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 6, 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.281
MLA
Abo-Ghneim, F. D., Mohammed, H. J., Al-Koofee, D. A."Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6.6 (2024): 66.
Chicago
Abo-Ghneim, F. D., Mohammed, H. J., Al-Koofee, D. A."Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study". World Academy of Sciences Journal 6, no. 6 (2024): 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.281
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team