Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
World Academy of Sciences Journal
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2632-2900 Online ISSN: 2632-2919
Journal Cover
January-February 2025 Volume 7 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-February 2025 Volume 7 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva

  • Authors:
    • Wasan Lafta Abdullah
    • Abbas Fadhil Al‑Hashimy
    • Batool Hassan Al‑Ghurabi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, 89XH+47Q, Baghdad, Iraq, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al‑Nahrin University, 98HF+2R, Baghdad, Iraq, Department of Microbiology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, 89XH+47Q, Baghdad, Iraq
    Copyright: © Abdullah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 7
    |
    Published online on: November 18, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.295
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting extra‑articular organs, manifesting as symmetric polyarticular invasive joint inflammation. The disease pathogenesis involves cell death caused by lysis, known as pyroptosis, leading to the development of inflammation. Cytokines that promote inflammation, such as IL‑18 and IL‑1β, are released as a result of the NLRP3 inflammasome activating caspase (CASP)1, 3 and 4. Notably, the gasdermin D (GSDMD)‑N‑terminal allows substances to flow through the plasma membrane, and this protein is cleaved by CASP1 and other caspases. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of salivary CASP1 and GSDMD in the pathophysiology of RA, and determine the roles of the salivary flow rate and saliva pH. A control group and two groups of patients, including newly diagnosed and treated patients with RA, were enrolled in the present study. An independent rheumatologist rated the clinical disease activity score of each patient, and the saliva pH and salivary flow rate were also measured. In addition, ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of CASP1 and GSDMD. The results of the present study revealed that the CASP1 level was significantly increased in all patients with RA, compared with the control group. Notably, the levels of CASP1 differed between the treated patients with RA and those newly diagnosed with RA. The results also revealed that there were no significant differences in the levels of GSDMD between the groups. Moreover, there were significant differences in the mean saliva pH and salivary flow rate between all patients with RA and the control group. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that GSDMD and CASP1 may be required for the development of RA. Following the activation of CASP1, the development of RA is promoted via signals that amplify inflammatory responses. Understanding the specific roles of these signals may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Scott DL, Wolfe F and Huizinga TWJ: Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 376:1094–1108. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Rudan I, Sidhu S, Papana A, Meng SJ, Xin-Wei Y, Wang W, Campbell-Page RM, Demaio AR, Nair H, Sridhar D, et al: Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and analysis. J Glob Health. 5(010409)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Alippe Y and Mbalaviele G: Omnipresence of inflammasome activities in inflammatory bone diseases. Semin Immunopathol. 41:607–618. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Aldhaher Z, Al-Ghurabi B and Alwan BH: Serum levels of IL-22 and ACPA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 12:687–691. 2018.

5 

Broz P and Dixit VM: Inflammasomes: Mechanism of assembly, regulation and signalling. Nat Rev Immunol. 16:407–420. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Boucher D, Monteleone M, Coll RC, Chen KW, Ross CM, Teo JL, Gomez GA, Holley CL, Bierschenk D, Stacey KJ, et al: Caspase-1 self-cleavage is an intrinsic mechanism to terminate inflammasome activity. J Exp Med. 215:827–840. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Shi J, Zhao Y, Wang K, Shi X, Wang Y, Huang H, Zhuang Y, Cai T, Wang F and Shao F: Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death. Nature. 526:660–665. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Abdullah WL, Al-Hashimy AF, Al-Ghurabi BH and Ramakrishnan M: Focus on the Function and mechanism of pyroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Al-Salam J Med Sci. 3:28–36. 2024.

9 

Wang J, Deobald K and Re F: Gasdermin D protects from melioidosis through pyroptosis and direct killing of bacteria. J Immunol. 202:3468–3473. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Wang J, Yao J, Liu Y and Huang L: Targeting the gasdermin D as a strategy for ischemic stroke therapy. Biochem Pharmacol. 188(114585)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Garib BT and Qaradaxi SS: Temporomandibular joint problems and periodontal condition in rheumatoid arthritis patients in relation to their rheumatologic status. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 69:2971–2978. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Guobis Z, Baseviciene N, Paipaliene P, Niedzelskiene I and Januseviciūte G: Aspects of xerostomia prevalence and treatment among rheumatic inpatients. Medicina (Kaunas). 44:960–968. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Abdulla WL, A-Ghurabi BH and Gathwan KH: An Impairment of salivary gland function in rheumatoid arthritis: Association with change in salivary biomarkers and disease activity. J Bagh Coll Dent. 28:165–170. 2016.

14 

Cojocaru M, Cojocaru IM, Silosi I, Vrabie CD and Tanasescu R: Extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Maedica (Bucur). 5:286–291. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Torres SR, Pedrazas CH, Correia MP, de Azevedo MNL, Zamprogno T, Silva A Jr, Gonçalves LS and Papi JA: Drugs or disease: Evaluating salivary function in RA patients. Bra Oral Res. 30(e106)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Van der Heijde DM, Van't Hof M, Van Riel PL and Van de Putte LB: Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists. J Rheumatol. 20:579–581. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Tenovuo J and Lagerlof F: Saliva. In: Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O (eds). Textbook of clinical cariology. 2nd edition. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, pp17-43, 1994.

18 

Navazesh M and Kumar SKS: University of Southern California School of Dentistry. Measuring salivary flow: Challenges and opportunities. J Am Dent Assoc. 139 (Suppl):35S–40S. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Baliga S, Muglikar S and Kale R: Salivary pH: A diagnostic biomarker. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 17:461–465. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Ranade SB and Doiphode S: Is there a relationship between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis? J Indian Soc Periodontol. 16:22–27. 2012.

21 

Al Ghuraibawi ZAG, Sharquie IK and Gorial FI: A novel link of serum IL-39 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Iraqi J Sci. 64:1651–1661. 2023.

22 

Alkazzaz AMH: Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis [2001 to 2011]. Iraqi Postgrad Med J. 12:568–572. 2013.

23 

Valencia M: Sex and gender in rheumatoid arthritis: considering a risk factor hierarchy. Cornell Undergrad Res J. 1:23–29. 2022.

24 

Majid AY, Talal S and Abdulla WL: Estimation of some salivary elements in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int J Adv Res. 3:13–17. 2016.

25 

Nagler RM, Salameh F, Reznick AZ, Livshits V and Nahir AM: Salivary gland involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to induced oxidative stress. Rheumatology (Oxford). 42:1234–1241. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Fadhil HNM and Ahmed KM: Evaluation of salivary anti-CCP in relation to some oral manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis patients, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. Res Sq: 1-18, 2023.

27 

Kim SH, Lee JH, Jeong HJ, Kim JM, Baek WK, Kim TH, Jun JB and Son CN: Clinical significance of elevated serum caspase-1 levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Lab Med. 42:293–295. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Karabulut G, Kitapçıoğlu G, Özçaka Ö, Alpöz E, Nalbantsoy A, Koçanaoğulları H, Gücenmez S, Keser G and Kabasakal Y: Saliva levels of caspase-1, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in primary Sjögren's syndrome: Oral mucosal abnormalities revisited. Turk J Med Sci. 48:554–559. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Manna SK, Mukhopadhyay A and Aggarwal BB: Resveratrol suppresses TNF-induced activation of nuclear transcription factors NF-kappa B, activator protein-1, and apoptosis: Potential role of reactive oxygen intermediates and lipid peroxidation. J Immunol. 164:6509–6519. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Cascão R, Polido-Pereira J, Canhão H, Rodrigues AM, Navalho M, Raquel H, Neves-Costa A, Mourão AF, Resende C, da Silva JA, et al: Caspase-1 is active since the early phase of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 30(144)2012.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhang X, Wang Q, Cao G, Luo M, Hou H and Yue C: Pyroptosis by NLRP3/caspase-1/gasdermin-D pathway in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Cell Mol Med. 27:2448–2456. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Al Obaidi MJ and Al Ghurabi BH: Potential role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Chem Sci. 6:522–531. 2023.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Abdullah W, Al‑Hashimy AF and Al‑Ghurabi BH: Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva. World Acad Sci J 7: 7, 2025.
APA
Abdullah, W., Al‑Hashimy, A.F., & Al‑Ghurabi, B.H. (2025). Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 7. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.295
MLA
Abdullah, W., Al‑Hashimy, A. F., Al‑Ghurabi, B. H."Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.1 (2025): 7.
Chicago
Abdullah, W., Al‑Hashimy, A. F., Al‑Ghurabi, B. H."Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 1 (2025): 7. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.295
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Abdullah W, Al‑Hashimy AF and Al‑Ghurabi BH: Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva. World Acad Sci J 7: 7, 2025.
APA
Abdullah, W., Al‑Hashimy, A.F., & Al‑Ghurabi, B.H. (2025). Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 7. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.295
MLA
Abdullah, W., Al‑Hashimy, A. F., Al‑Ghurabi, B. H."Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.1 (2025): 7.
Chicago
Abdullah, W., Al‑Hashimy, A. F., Al‑Ghurabi, B. H."Role of salivary caspase‑1 and gasdermin D in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to salivary pH and flow rate of saliva". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 1 (2025): 7. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.295
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team