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Review Open Access

Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Lithip Gandupalli
    • Doulat Bhowmik
    • Charmi Jyotishi
    • Reeshu Gupta
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    Affiliations: Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
    Copyright: © Gandupalli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 25
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    Published online on: January 14, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.313
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Abstract

Prostate cancer is the main cause of mortality among males the global level and hold its 4th position as per Globocan data. Multiple treatment options are available for patients with low‑grade prostate cancer and metastatic disease. Therapeutic biomarkers hold significant potential for identifying treatment responses either prior to commencing any therapy or following therapy. For example, the high expression of androgen receptor splice variant 7 is a well‑established driver of resistance to both androgen‑axis‑targeted therapies and 223Ra treatments in prostate cancer. Additionally, prostate‑specific membrane antigen (PSMA) exhibits a significantly increased expression in prostate adenocarcinoma in comparison to normal tissue. Elevated PSMA levels are strongly associated with tumor aggressiveness. Despite the potential of biomarkers, identifying clinically actionable biomarkers remains a notable challenge due to several factors. A key obstacle is the heterogeneity of cancer cells, which can exhibit diverse molecular profiles even within the same tumor. Other challenges include the development of reliable assays, the lack of standardized methodologies for biomarker measurement and validation, sample availability, the high development cost, limited accessibility in low resource settings and stringent requirements for regulatory approval. Furthermore, the variability in tumor behavior necessitates tailored therapeutic strategies, as a one‑size‑fits‑all approach is unlikely to be effective. Therefore, it is necessary to address the challenges associated with the currently available biomarkers in order for risk stratification and treatment efficacy to be personalized. The present review discusses recent advancements in the field of therapeutic biomarkers against prostate cancer to assess the therapeutic response, progress of therapy, associated challenges and considerations to overcome the challenges.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gandupalli L, Bhowmik D, Jyotishi C and Gupta R: Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review). World Acad Sci J 7: 25, 2025.
APA
Gandupalli, L., Bhowmik, D., Jyotishi, C., & Gupta, R. (2025). Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 25. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.313
MLA
Gandupalli, L., Bhowmik, D., Jyotishi, C., Gupta, R."Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.2 (2025): 25.
Chicago
Gandupalli, L., Bhowmik, D., Jyotishi, C., Gupta, R."Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 2 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.313
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gandupalli L, Bhowmik D, Jyotishi C and Gupta R: Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review). World Acad Sci J 7: 25, 2025.
APA
Gandupalli, L., Bhowmik, D., Jyotishi, C., & Gupta, R. (2025). Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 25. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.313
MLA
Gandupalli, L., Bhowmik, D., Jyotishi, C., Gupta, R."Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.2 (2025): 25.
Chicago
Gandupalli, L., Bhowmik, D., Jyotishi, C., Gupta, R."Recent advancements in therapeutic biomarkers, associated challenges and considerations to overcome these challenges in prostate cancer (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 2 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.313
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