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Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae, Morganella morganii, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum

  • Authors:
    • Suadad Awad Kadhim
    • Saba Hussein Obeid
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    Affiliations: Scientific Research Commission, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
    Copyright: © Kadhim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 74
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    Published online on: June 16, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.362
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance and climate change are two interrelated global health challenges that require urgent attention. Temperature, salinity and pH serve as indicators of climate change and can significantly influence microbial growth and antibiotic susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between these parameters and antimicrobial resistance. For this purpose, the present study examined four different microorganisms: Vibrio cholerae, Morganella morganii, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum. The results revealed a strong association between climate change conditions and antimicrobial resistance. For instance, Vibrio cholerae exhibited resistance to amikacin (10 µg), colistin (10 µg) and tetracycline (100 µg), while it exhibited increased sensitivity to piperacillin (100 µg) under specific environmental conditions, namely, a temperature of 27˚C, a pH of 10, and a salinity of 4%. Furthermore, Aspergillus niger developed resistance to ketoconazole (10 µg) and miconazole (50 µg) when grown in environments with a salinity level of 6%. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that microbial growth and antimicrobial resistant are affected by climate change‑ related factors, such as temperatures, salinity and environmental pH. These changes may contribute to the emergence of new strains harboring multidrug resistance genes.
View Figures

Figure 1

Colonies of Vibrio cholerae
isolated from water samples growing on thiosulfate-citrate-bile
salt (TCBS) agar.

Figure 2

Colonies of Morganella
morganii isolated from water samples growing on MacConkey
agar.

Figure 3

Colony of Aspergillus niger
isolated from water samples growing on potato dextrose agar
(PDA).

Figure 4

Colony of Trichoderma
harzianum isolated from water samples growing on potato
dextrose agar (PDA).
View References

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kadhim SA and Obeid SH: Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>. World Acad Sci J 7: 74, 2025.
APA
Kadhim, S.A., & Obeid, S.H. (2025). Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 74. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.362
MLA
Kadhim, S. A., Obeid, S. H."Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.4 (2025): 74.
Chicago
Kadhim, S. A., Obeid, S. H."Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 4 (2025): 74. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.362
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kadhim SA and Obeid SH: Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>. World Acad Sci J 7: 74, 2025.
APA
Kadhim, S.A., & Obeid, S.H. (2025). Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 74. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.362
MLA
Kadhim, S. A., Obeid, S. H."Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.4 (2025): 74.
Chicago
Kadhim, S. A., Obeid, S. H."Climate‑driven shifts in the growth and antimicrobial resistance of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 4 (2025): 74. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.362
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