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Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin

  • Authors:
    • Doris Olier‑Castillo
    • Jennifer Orozco Páez
    • Wilson Gabriel Villar Salinas
    • Roquelina Pianeta
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Medicine Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rafael Nuñez University Corporation, Cartagena 130002, Colombia, Dentistry Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rafael Nuñez University Corporation, Cartagena 130002, Colombia, Oral Health Center‑Naval Hospital of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
    Copyright: © Olier‑Castillo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 113
    |
    Published online on: September 26, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.401
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Abstract

Periodontal diseases are prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions. Vitamin D deficiency may influence immune and bone pathways relevant to periodontal pathology, and cutaneous synthesis can be reduced in individuals with darker skin phototypes. The present study investigated serum vitamin D levels in patients with the dark skin phototype diagnosed with periodontitis. The present cross‑sectional study included 79 adults. A survey was applied regarding sources of vitamin D intake and skin phototype according to the Fitzpatrick scale. Periodontal indicators were clinically assessed, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using ELISA. Statistical analyses included two‑sided Fisher's exact tests for categorical associations and one‑way ANOVA and Kruskal‑Wallis tests for vitamin D comparisons, with Tukey's HSD and Dunn‑Bonferroni post hoc tests, respectively (α=0.05). The results revealed that 89.9% of the patients did not report risk habits, such as smoking. As regards the oral diagnosis, 10.1% of the patients were healthy, 41.8% had gingivitis, 44.3% had stage I‑II periodontitis 3.8% had stage III‑IV periodontitis. The mean vitamin D level was 22.6±7.1 ng/ml; 83.5% of patients had insufficient vitamin D levels. The vitamin D levels differed across the diagnostic groups (P=0.005 and P=0.00051), with lower levels observed in patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. No significant associations were found between vitamin D sources and periodontal diagnosis (dairy borderline, P=0.054). Phototype distributions differed across the diagnostic categories; however, phototype was not associated with vitamin D categories. On the whole, insufficient vitamin D levels were common, and levels were lower in those with advanced‑stage periodontitis. These findings support considering the vitamin D status in periodontal care for patients with darker skin phototypes and motivate longitudinal, multivariable studies with validated dietary assessment to clarify causal pathways and test targeted interventions.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Olier‑Castillo D, Orozco Páez J, Villar Salinas WG and Pianeta R: Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin. World Acad Sci J 7: 113, 2025.
APA
Olier‑Castillo, D., Orozco Páez, J., Villar Salinas, W.G., & Pianeta, R. (2025). Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 113. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.401
MLA
Olier‑Castillo, D., Orozco Páez, J., Villar Salinas, W. G., Pianeta, R."Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.6 (2025): 113.
Chicago
Olier‑Castillo, D., Orozco Páez, J., Villar Salinas, W. G., Pianeta, R."Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 6 (2025): 113. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.401
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Olier‑Castillo D, Orozco Páez J, Villar Salinas WG and Pianeta R: Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin. World Acad Sci J 7: 113, 2025.
APA
Olier‑Castillo, D., Orozco Páez, J., Villar Salinas, W.G., & Pianeta, R. (2025). Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin. World Academy of Sciences Journal, 7, 113. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.401
MLA
Olier‑Castillo, D., Orozco Páez, J., Villar Salinas, W. G., Pianeta, R."Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7.6 (2025): 113.
Chicago
Olier‑Castillo, D., Orozco Páez, J., Villar Salinas, W. G., Pianeta, R."Vitamin D levels in patients with periodontal disease and dark skin". World Academy of Sciences Journal 7, no. 6 (2025): 113. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.401
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