From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) 

Curcumin, a key and abundant polyphenol found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), is one of the oldest spices recognized for its medicinal properties. Curcumin exhibits beneficial effects in various ailments, including anxiety, arthritis, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory diseases and hyperlipidemia. The present review discusses the mechanistic basis of the anti‑inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial and organ-protective potential of curcumin in alleviating sepsis‑induced hyperinflammation. Current treatments for sepsis, including the use of non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants, have limitations, including the need for long‑term use and severe side‑effects, such as gastrointestinal issues. Search engines, including Scopus and PubMed, were used to identify relevant literature for compiling the review. Original research and review articles containing the key words curcumin, sepsis, hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, anti‑inflammatory, oxidative stress, clinical translation and organ protection were included. Curcumin influences the key pathways involved in sepsis‑induced hyperinflammation by inhibiting pro‑inflammatory cytokines, reducing oxidative stress, modulating immune responses and exerting organ‑protective effects. Thus, curcumin exhibits potential in reducing the severity of sepsis, improving outcomes and mitigating serious complications, such as organ failure. However, future studies focusing on its bioavailability, delivery, dosage and synergistic potential are warranted to establish its clinical role in sepsis management.