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Review Open Access

From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) 

  • Authors:
    • Gaurang Agarwal
    • Sarvjeet Das
    • Anshu Kumar
    • Juhi Saxena
    • Esha Rami
    • Praveen Kumar Verma
    • Anupam Jyoti
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India, School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
    Copyright: © Agarwal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 36
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    Published online on: March 17, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.451
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Abstract

Curcumin, a key and abundant polyphenol found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), is one of the oldest spices recognized for its medicinal properties. Curcumin exhibits beneficial effects in various ailments, including anxiety, arthritis, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory diseases and hyperlipidemia. The present review discusses the mechanistic basis of the anti‑inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial and organ-protective potential of curcumin in alleviating sepsis‑induced hyperinflammation. Current treatments for sepsis, including the use of non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants, have limitations, including the need for long‑term use and severe side‑effects, such as gastrointestinal issues. Search engines, including Scopus and PubMed, were used to identify relevant literature for compiling the review. Original research and review articles containing the key words curcumin, sepsis, hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, anti‑inflammatory, oxidative stress, clinical translation and organ protection were included. Curcumin influences the key pathways involved in sepsis‑induced hyperinflammation by inhibiting pro‑inflammatory cytokines, reducing oxidative stress, modulating immune responses and exerting organ‑protective effects. Thus, curcumin exhibits potential in reducing the severity of sepsis, improving outcomes and mitigating serious complications, such as organ failure. However, future studies focusing on its bioavailability, delivery, dosage and synergistic potential are warranted to establish its clinical role in sepsis management.
View Figures

Figure 1

Aspects of the clinical management of
hyperinflammation-induced sepsis. The schematic illustrates the
major causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches,
underlying pathophysiology, and treatment strategies in
hyperinflammation-induced sepsis.

Figure 2

Hyperinflammation-induced sepsis
pathophysiology. The image depicts the series of cellular and
molecular events occurring during hyperinflammation-induced sepsis
and highlights the involvement of leukocytes, platelets, and
endothelial cells in the cascade of reactions that include cytokine
release, oxidative and nitrosative stress, NET formation,
complement and coagulation activation. DAMPS, damage-associated
molecular patterns; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap; SOD,
superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GSH, glutathione; NO, nitric
oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; mtNOS, mitochondrial
nitric oxide synthase; cfDNA, cell-free DNA; NE, neutrophil
elastase; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NOX, NADPH oxidase.

Figure 3

Multifaceted effects of curcumin. The
image depicts the biological activities of curcumin, including its
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplatelet, and
immunomodulatory effects, all of which are considered pleiotropic.
The synergistic effect of the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway,
activation of the Nrf2 pathway, modulation of the gut microbiota,
and pro-inflammation mediator suppression by curcumin is shown.
Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; iNOS, inducible
nitric oxide synthase; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2.

Figure 4

Organ-protective potential of
curcumin in sepsis. The image highlights the potential of curcumin
in protecting the vital organs, including the kidneys, liver,
heart, lungs, brain, and pancreas, against damage from
sepsis-induced hyperinflammation.
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Spandidos Publications style
Agarwal G, Das S, Kumar A, Saxena J, Rami E, Verma PK and Jyoti A: From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) . World Acad Sci J 8: 36, 2026.
APA
Agarwal, G., Das, S., Kumar, A., Saxena, J., Rami, E., Verma, P.K., & Jyoti, A. (2026). From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) . World Academy of Sciences Journal, 8, 36. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.451
MLA
Agarwal, G., Das, S., Kumar, A., Saxena, J., Rami, E., Verma, P. K., Jyoti, A."From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) ". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8.3 (2026): 36.
Chicago
Agarwal, G., Das, S., Kumar, A., Saxena, J., Rami, E., Verma, P. K., Jyoti, A."From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) ". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8, no. 3 (2026): 36. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.451
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Agarwal G, Das S, Kumar A, Saxena J, Rami E, Verma PK and Jyoti A: From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) . World Acad Sci J 8: 36, 2026.
APA
Agarwal, G., Das, S., Kumar, A., Saxena, J., Rami, E., Verma, P.K., & Jyoti, A. (2026). From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) . World Academy of Sciences Journal, 8, 36. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.451
MLA
Agarwal, G., Das, S., Kumar, A., Saxena, J., Rami, E., Verma, P. K., Jyoti, A."From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) ". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8.3 (2026): 36.
Chicago
Agarwal, G., Das, S., Kumar, A., Saxena, J., Rami, E., Verma, P. K., Jyoti, A."From spice to sepsis therapy: Mechanistic perspectives on the anti-sepsis therapeutic potential of curcumin (Review) ". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8, no. 3 (2026): 36. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.451
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