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Review Open Access

Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Anshuman Shetty
    • Shivprasad Rai
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, India, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Manipal College of Dental Science Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
    Copyright: © Shetty et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 55
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    Published online on: May 4, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.470
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Abstract

Cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) has transformed diagnostic and therapeutic approaches within endodontics by providing practitioner‑accessible three‑dimensional visualization of dentoalveolar anatomy with high spatial resolution and comparatively low radiation dose. Conventional two‑dimensional radiography, while essential and routinely used, suffers from inherently limited perspectives caused by projection, geometric distortion, and anatomical superimposition; these limitations can obscure complex root canal systems, periapical pathology and subtle fractures. CBCT fills these diagnostic gaps by producing isotropic voxel datasets that permit multiplanar reconstructions, accurate measurement, and volumetric assessment of osseous and dental structures. The present review traces the historical development of dental radiology leading to dental CBCT, summarizes fundamental technical considerations including voxel size, field of view and reconstruction algorithms, and discusses the principal advantages and limitations of CBCT relative to conventional imaging. Emphasis is placed on endodontic indications: The pre‑operative evaluation of canal morphology and anomalous anatomy, the detection of vertical and horizontal root fractures, assessment of internal and external resorption, intra‑operative localization of separated instruments and perforations, and objective postoperative outcome appraisal. Practical considerations, such as radiation dose, artifact generation and interpretation challenges are discussed, and suggested practice guidelines for appropriate use are provided. The intent is to present an integrated, evidence‑informed perspective that assists clinicians in selecting and applying CBCT appropriately to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes in endodontic care.
View Figures

Figure 1

Three orthogonal planes in cone-beam
computed tomography.

Figure 2

Different FOVs for cone-beam computed
tomography. FOV, field of view.

Figure 3

Radiation doses for small FOVs in
different CBCT devices. FOV, field of view; CBCT, cone-beam
computed tomography.

Figure 4

Indications for CBCT in endodontics.
CBCT, cone-beam computed tomography.

Figure 5

Decision-making flowchart.
View References

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Spandidos Publications style
Shetty A and Rai S: Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review). World Acad Sci J 8: 55, 2026.
APA
Shetty, A., & Rai, S. (2026). Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 8, 55. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.470
MLA
Shetty, A., Rai, S."Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8.4 (2026): 55.
Chicago
Shetty, A., Rai, S."Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8, no. 4 (2026): 55. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.470
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shetty A and Rai S: Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review). World Acad Sci J 8: 55, 2026.
APA
Shetty, A., & Rai, S. (2026). Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review). World Academy of Sciences Journal, 8, 55. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.470
MLA
Shetty, A., Rai, S."Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8.4 (2026): 55.
Chicago
Shetty, A., Rai, S."Cone‑beam computed tomography in endodontics: Historical development, technical principles, clinical applications and operative outcomes (Review)". World Academy of Sciences Journal 8, no. 4 (2026): 55. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.470
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