Modern biotechnology-based therapeutic approaches against HIV infection (Review)

Imran,Muhammad; Waheed,Yasir; Ghazal,Ayesha; Ullah,Sajjad; Safi,Sher   Zaman; Jamal,Muhsin; Ali,Muhammad; Atif,Muhammad; Imran,Muhammad; Ullah,Farman

doi:10.3892/br.2017.1006

Modern biotechnology-based therapeutic approaches against HIV infection (Review)

Authors:
- Muhammad Imran
- Yasir Waheed
- Ayesha Ghazal
- Sajjad Ullah
- Sher Zaman Safi
- Muhsin Jamal
- Muhammad Ali
- Muhammad Atif
- Farman Ullah
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Affiliations: Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore 53720, Pakistan, Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan, Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan 23200, Pakistan, Department of Life Sciences, University of Management Technology, Lahore 54600, Pakistan, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Aljouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, Department of Diet and Nutrition, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore 54600, Pakistan, Department of Physiology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical university Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Published online on: October 24, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.1006
Pages: 504-507

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Abstract

The causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since its discovery before 30 years, a number of drugs known as highly active antiretroviral therapy have been developed to suppress the life cycle of the virus at different stages. With the current therapeutic approaches, ending AIDS means providing treatment to 35 million individuals living with HIV for the rest of their lives or until a cure is developed. Additionally, therapy is associated with various other challenges such as potential of drug resistance, toxicity and presence of latent viral reservoir. Therefore, it is imperative to search for treatments and to identify new therapeutic approaches against HIV infection to avoid daily intake of drugs. The aim of the current review was to summarize different therapeutic strategies against HIV infection, including stem cell therapy, RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 pathways, antibodies, intrabodies and nanotechnology. Silencing RNA against chemokine receptor 5 and other HIV RNAs have been tested and found to elicit homology‑based, post-transcriptional silencing. The CRISPR/Cas9 is a gene editing technology that produces a double‑stranded nick in the virus DNA, which is repaired by the host machinery either by non-homology end joining mechanism or via homology recombination leading to insertion, deletion mutation which further leads to frame shift mutation and non-functional products. Intrabodies are intracellular‑expressed antibodies that are directed towards the targets inside the cell unlike the naturally expressed antibodies which target outside the cell. Different nanotechnology‑based therapeutic approaches are also in progress against HIV. HIV eradication is not feasible without deploying a cure or vaccine alongside the treatment.

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