Effect of the interaction between atorvastatin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the blood redox equilibrium

Herbet,Mariola; Gawrońska‑Grzywacz,Monika; Izdebska,Magdalena; Piątkowska‑Chmiel,Iwona

doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3794

Effect of the interaction between atorvastatin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the blood redox equilibrium

Authors:
- Mariola Herbet
- Monika Gawrońska‑Grzywacz
- Magdalena Izdebska
- Iwona Piątkowska‑Chmiel
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 20‑093 Lublin, Poland
Published online on: October 11, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3794
Pages: 3440-3444

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease and depression often occur simultaneously in the same patient. Long‑term polypharmacotherapy can lead to drug‑induced oxidative stress. Data concerning the effects of concomitant treatment with atorvastatin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are lacking. The aim of the present study was to examine oxidative stress parameters in the blood of rats after 28 days treatment with atorvastatin combined with fluoxetine or paroxetine. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats weighing 200‑250 g. Aqueous solutions of atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) and paroxetine (10 mg/kg) were injected once a day for 28 days, separately or concomitantly. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was determined in the whole blood, whereas the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in the serum. The results demonstrated that concomitant administration of atorvastatin with fluoxetine caused an increase in the GPX activity and the TAS. Atorvastatin administered to rats with paroxetine increased the activities of GPX and GR. In the groups of rats receiving atorvastatin or SSRIs separately, no statistically significant changes in the investigated parameters were observed. The changes that were detected may indicate an increase in endogenous antioxidant levels during the concomitant application of atorvastatin with SSRIs and thus a drug‑drug interaction having an effect on the blood redox equilibrium.

View Figures

View References

1	Frasure-Smith N, Lespérance F, Irwin MR, Talajic M and Pollock BG: The relationships among heart rate variability, inflammatory markers and depression in coronary heart disease patients. Brain Behav Immun. 23:1140–1147. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Thombs BD, Bass EB, Ford DE, Stewart KJ, Tsilidis KK, Patel U, Fauerbach JA, Bush DE and Ziegelstein RC: Prevalence of depression in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. J Gen Intern Med. 21:30–38. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Mathews MJ, Mathews EH and Liebenberg L: The mechanisms by which antidepressants may reduce coronary heart disease risk. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 15:822015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Nemeroff CB and Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ: Heartache and heartbreak-the link between depression and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 9:526–539. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Nelson JC, Kennedy JS, Pollock BG, Laghrissi-Thode F, Narayan M, Nobler MS, Robin DW, Gergel I, McCafferty J and Roose S: Treatment of major depression with nortriptyline and paroxetine in patients with ischemic heart disease. Am J Psychiatry. 156:1024–1028. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
6	Sirtori CR and Fumagalli R: LDL-cholesterol lowering or HDL-cholesterol raising for cardiovascular prevention. A lesson from cholesterol turnover studies and others. Atherosclerosis. 186:1–11. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Kobayashi J, Maruyama T, Masuda M and Shinomiya M: Effect of atorvastatin treatment on lipoprotein lipase mass in the pre-heparin plasma in Japanese hyperlipidemic subjects. Clin Chim Acta. 314:261–264. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Eshtehardi P, McDaniel MC, Dhawan SS, Binongo JN, Krishnan SK, Golub L, Corban MT, Raggi P, Quyyumi AA and Samady H: Effect of intensive atorvastatin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis progression, composition, arterial remodeling, and microvascular function. J Invasive Cardiol. 24:522–529. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
9	Baumeister H, Hutter N and Bengel J: Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. CD0080122011.PubMed/NCBI
10	Roose SP: Treatment of depression in patients with heart disease. Biol Psychiatry. 54:262–268. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Roose SP and Miyazaki M: Pharmacological treatment of depression in patients with heart disease. Psychosom Med. 67(Suppl 1): S54–S57. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Sanchez C, Reines EH and Montgomery SA: A comparative review of escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertaline: Are they all alike? Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 29:185–196. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Vaswani M, Linda FK and Ramesh S: Role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 27:85–102. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Bolego C, Baetta R, Bellosta S, Corsini A and Paoletti R: Safety considerations for statins. Curr Opin Lipidol. 13:637–644. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Andrade C: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug interactions in patients receiving statins. J Clin Psychiatry. 75:e95–e99. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Jornil J, Jensen KG, Larsen F and Linnet K: Identification of cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of paroxetine and estimation of their importance for human paroxetine metabolism using a population-based simulator. Drug Metab Dispos. 38:376–385. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Bhattacharyya S, Sinha K and Sil PC: Cytochrome P450s: Mechanisms and biological implications in drug metabolism and its interaction with oxidative stress. Curr Drug Metab. 15:719–742. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Deavall DG, Martin EA, Horner JM and Roberts R: Drug-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. J Toxicol. 2012:6454602012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Cunha-Oliveira T, Rego AC and Oliveira CR: Oxidative stress and drugs of abuse: An update. Mini-Rev Org Chem. 10:000. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
20	Guengerich FP: Cytochrome P450s and other enzymes in drug metabolism and toxicity. AAPS J. 8:E101–E111. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Lins RL, Matthys KE, Verpooten GA, Peeters PC, Dratwa M, Stolear JC and Lameire NH: Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its metabolites after single and multiple dosing in hypercholesterolaemic haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 18:967–976. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Li X, Fang P, Mai J, Choi ET, Wang H and Yang XF: Targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as novel therapy for inflammatory diseases and cancers. J Hematol Oncol. 6:192013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Paglia DE and Valentine WN: Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med. 70:158–169. 1967.PubMed/NCBI
24	Herbet M, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M and Jagiełło-Wójtowicz E: Evaluation of selected biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in rats pretreated with rosuvastatin and fluoxetine. Acta Pol Pharm. 72:261–265. 2015.PubMed/NCBI
25	Herbet M, Izdebska M, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Poleszak E and Jagiełło-Wójtowicz E: Estimation of oxidative stress parameters in rats after simultaneous administration of rosuvastatin with antidepressants. Pharmacol Rep. 68:172–176. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Almeida J, Duarte JO, Oliveira LA and Crestani CC: Effects of nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor or fluoxetine treatment on depression-like state and cardiovascular changes induced by chronic variable stress in rats. Stress. 18:462–474. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Park BK, Laverty H, Srivastava A, Antoine DJ, Naisbitt D and Williams DP: Drug bioactivation and protein adduct formation in the pathogenesis of drug-induced toxicity. Chem Biol Interact. 192:30–36. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Webb HM, Regan S, Antoine DJ, Lane N, Walsh RJ, Srivastava A, Starkey-Lewis P, Benson C, Williams DP, Laverty H, et al: Drug Bioactivation and Oxidative StressEncyclopedia of Drug Metabolism and Interactions. Lyubimov AV: John Wiley & Sons; New York: pp. 1–31. 2012
29	Chang JC, van der Hoeven LH and Haddox CH: Glutathione reductase in the red blood cells. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 8:23–29. 1978.PubMed/NCBI
30	Koksal M, Eren MA, Turan MN and Sabuncu T: The effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Eur J Intern Med. 22:249–253. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
31	Bloom HL, Shukrullah I, Veledar E, Gutmann R, London B and Dudley SC: Statins decrease oxidative stress and ICD therapies. Cardiol Res Pract. 2010:2538032010.PubMed/NCBI
32	Nagila A, Permpongpaiboon T, Tantrarongroj S, Porapakkham P, Chinwattana K, Deakin S and Porntadavity S: Effect of atorvastatin on paraoxonase1 (PON1) and oxidative status. Pharmacol Rep. 61:892–898. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
33	Cangemi R, Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Perri L, Patrizi MP, Sanguigni V, Pignatelli P and Violi F: Early decrease of oxidative stress by atorvastatin in hypercholesterolaemic patients: Effect on circulating vitamin E. Eur Heart J. 29:54–62. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
34	Abdel-Salam OME, Morsy SM Youssef and Sleem AA: The effect of different antidepressant drugs on oxidative stress after lipopolysaccharide administration in mice. EXCLI J. 10:290–302. 2011.
35	Zafir A and Banu N: Antioxidant potential of fluoxetine in comparison to Curcuma longa in restraint-stressed rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 572:23–31. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
36	Novío S, Núñez MJ, Amigo G and Freire-Garabal M: Effects of fluoxetine on the oxidative status of peripheral blood leucocytes of restraint-stressed mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 109:365–371. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
37	Qiu HM, Yang JX, Wu XH, Li N, Liu D, Wang LJ, Qin LJ and Zhou QX: Antidepressive effect of paroxetine in a rat model: Upregulating expression of serotonin and norepinephrine transporter. Neuroreport. 24:520–525. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI