The effect of sulforaphane on the cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of cyclin D1 and p21 in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line

  • Authors:
    • Agnieszka Żuryń
    • Anna Litwiniec
    • Barbara Safiejko-Mroczka
    • Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
    • Maciej Gagat
    • Adrian Krajewski
    • Lidia Gackowska
    • Dariusz Grzanka
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: March 18, 2016     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3444
  • Pages: 2521-2533
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Sulforaphane (SFN) is present in plants belonging to Cruciferae family and was first isolated from broccoli sprouts. Chemotherapeutic and anticarcinogenic properties of sulforaphane were demonstrated, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we evaluated the expression of cyclin D1 and p21 protein in SFN-treated A549 cells and correlated these results with the extent of cell death and/or cell cycle alterations, as well as determined a potential contribution of cyclin D1 to cell death. A549 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of SFN (30, 60 and 90 µM) for 24 h. Morphological and ultrastructural changes were observed using light, transmission electron microscope and videomicroscopy. Image-based cytometry was applied to evaluate the effect of SFN on apoptosis and the cell cycle. Cyclin D1 and p21 expression was determined by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. siRNA was used to evaluate the role of cyclin D1 in the process of suforaphane-induced cell death. We found that the percentage of cyclin D1-positive cells decreased after the treatment with SFN, but at the same time mean fluorescence intensity reflecting cyclin D1 content was increased at 30 µM SFN and decreased at 60 and 90 µM SFN. Percentage of p21-positive cells increased following the treatment, with the highest increase at 60 µM SFN, at which concentration mean fluorescence intensity of this protein was also significantly increased. The 30-µM dose of SFN induced an increased G2/M phase population along with a decreased polyploid fraction of cells, which implies a functional G2/M arrest. The major mode of cell death induced by SFN was necrosis and, to a lower degree apoptosis. Transfection with cyclin D1-siRNA resulted in significantly compromised fraction of apoptotic and necrotic cells, which suggests that cyclin D1 is an important determinant of the therapeutic efficiency of SFN in the A549 cells.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

June-2016
Volume 48 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Żuryń A, Litwiniec A, Safiejko-Mroczka B, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Gagat M, Krajewski A, Gackowska L and Grzanka D: The effect of sulforaphane on the cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of cyclin D1 and p21 in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Int J Oncol 48: 2521-2533, 2016.
APA
Żuryń, A., Litwiniec, A., Safiejko-Mroczka, B., Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska, A., Gagat, M., Krajewski, A. ... Grzanka, D. (2016). The effect of sulforaphane on the cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of cyclin D1 and p21 in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line. International Journal of Oncology, 48, 2521-2533. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3444
MLA
Żuryń, A., Litwiniec, A., Safiejko-Mroczka, B., Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska, A., Gagat, M., Krajewski, A., Gackowska, L., Grzanka, D."The effect of sulforaphane on the cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of cyclin D1 and p21 in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line". International Journal of Oncology 48.6 (2016): 2521-2533.
Chicago
Żuryń, A., Litwiniec, A., Safiejko-Mroczka, B., Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska, A., Gagat, M., Krajewski, A., Gackowska, L., Grzanka, D."The effect of sulforaphane on the cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of cyclin D1 and p21 in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line". International Journal of Oncology 48, no. 6 (2016): 2521-2533. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3444