Procaine stimulates aquaporin‑5 expression in human salivary gland ductal cells via the suppression of DNA methyltransferase‑1

Wu,Fan; Wang,Jintao; Sun,Jianming; Shen,Liman; Liu,Meijuan; Zhao,Erjun

doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.8821

Procaine stimulates aquaporin‑5 expression in human salivary gland ductal cells via the suppression of DNA methyltransferase‑1

Authors:
- Fan Wu
- Jintao Wang
- Jianming Sun
- Liman Shen
- Meijuan Liu
- Erjun Zhao
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Affiliations: Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China, Department of Stomatology, Laiyuan County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoding, Hebei 074300, P.R. China, Department of Stomatology, Anguo City Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071200, P.R. China, Galactophore Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China, Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
Published online on: March 29, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8821
Pages: 7996-8002

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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate whether procaine may upregulate the expression of aquaporin‑5 (AQP5) in human salivary gland ductal cells and the underlying mechanisms of this upregulation. Immortalized normal human salivary gland ductal cells (NS‑SV‑DC), lacking AQP5 protein expression, were used to measure the glandular secretion rate following treatment with procaine, and the protein expression levels of AQP5 in NS‑SV‑DC cells were measured by western blotting. In order to investigate the mechanism of procaine action on AQP5 protein expression, the protein expression and activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1, and the CpG methylation of AQP5, were investigated further. In NS‑SV‑DC cells treated with procaine, the mRNA and protein levels of AQP5, and the secretion rate of cells, were significantly increased. Although no significant alterations were observed in the protein expression of DNMT1 following procaine treatment, its enzymatic activity was reduced, resulting in CpG island demethylation at Sp1‑2 and Sp1‑3 sites of the AQP5 gene, which may contribute to the significantly upregulated AQP5 gene expression. The results of the present study indicate that procaine may upregulate the protein expression of AQP5 in human submandibular glands by inhibiting the activity of DNMT1 and promoting liquid secretion. The procaine‑mediated expression of AQP5 may provide a novel regimen for the treatment of SS syndrome.

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