Cytokine profile in relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis patients and the association between progression and activity of the disease

  • Authors:
    • Ana Paula Kallaur
    • Sayonara Rangel Oliveira
    • Andréa Name Colado Simão
    • Elaine Regina Delicato de Almeida
    • Helena Kaminami Morimoto
    • Josiane Lopes
    • Wildea  Lice de Carvalho Jennings Pereira
    • Renato Marques Andrade
    • Larissa Muliterno Pelegrino
    • Sueli Donizete Borelli
    • Damácio  Ramon Kaimen‑Maciel
    • Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: January 2, 2013     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1256
  • Pages: 1010-1020
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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive immune‑ mediated disease caused by demyelination of the central nervous system. Cytokines and their receptors have an important role in the evolution of MS lesions, and pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokine levels have been found to correlate with changes in MS disease activity. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the pro‑inflammatory [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL) ‑1β, ‑6 and ‑12], T helper (Th) 1 [interferon (IFN)‑γ], Th17 (IL‑17) and Th2 (IL‑4 and ‑10) cytokine serum levels in relapsing‑remitting (RR)‑MS patients and to evaluate the association between the cytokine profile and the progression and activity of the disease. Serum cytokine levels were assessed using enzyme linked‑immunosorbent assays in 169 RR‑MS patients in the remission clinical phase and 132 healthy individuals who were age‑, gender‑, ethnicity‑ and body mass index‑matched. Disability and activity of the disease were evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale and magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium, respectively. IFN‑γ and IL‑6, ‑12 and ‑4 levels were higher in RR‑MS patients compared to controls (P=0.0009, 0.0114, 0.0297 and 0.0004, respectively). IL‑1 levels were higher in controls compared with RR‑MS patients. IL‑4 levels were higher in RR‑MS patients with mild disability compared to those with moderate and severe disability (P=0.0375). TNF‑α and IL‑10 levels were higher in RR‑MS patients with inactive disease compared with those with active disease. IL‑17 levels showed a trend towards being higher in RR‑MS patients with inactive disease compared to those with active disease (P=0.0631). Low TNF‑α and high IFN‑γ levels were independently associated with RR‑MS (P=0.0078 and 0.0056, respectively) and also with the activity of the disease (P=0.0348 and 0.0133, respectively). Results indicated that RR‑MS patients, even in the remission clinical phase, exhibit a complex system of inflammatory and anti‑inflammatory cytokines that may interact to modulate the progression and activity of the disease.
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March 2013
Volume 7 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Kallaur AP, Oliveira SR, Colado Simão AN, Delicato de Almeida ER, Kaminami Morimoto H, Lopes J, de Carvalho Jennings Pereira WL, Marques Andrade R, Muliterno Pelegrino L, Donizete Borelli S, Donizete Borelli S, et al: Cytokine profile in relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis patients and the association between progression and activity of the disease. Mol Med Rep 7: 1010-1020, 2013
APA
Kallaur, A.P., Oliveira, S.R., Colado Simão, A.N., Delicato de Almeida, E.R., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Lopes, J. ... Vissoci Reiche, E.M. (2013). Cytokine profile in relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis patients and the association between progression and activity of the disease. Molecular Medicine Reports, 7, 1010-1020. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1256
MLA
Kallaur, A. P., Oliveira, S. R., Colado Simão, A. N., Delicato de Almeida, E. R., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Lopes, J., de Carvalho Jennings Pereira, W. L., Marques Andrade, R., Muliterno Pelegrino, L., Donizete Borelli, S., Kaimen‑Maciel, D. R., Vissoci Reiche, E. M."Cytokine profile in relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis patients and the association between progression and activity of the disease". Molecular Medicine Reports 7.3 (2013): 1010-1020.
Chicago
Kallaur, A. P., Oliveira, S. R., Colado Simão, A. N., Delicato de Almeida, E. R., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Lopes, J., de Carvalho Jennings Pereira, W. L., Marques Andrade, R., Muliterno Pelegrino, L., Donizete Borelli, S., Kaimen‑Maciel, D. R., Vissoci Reiche, E. M."Cytokine profile in relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis patients and the association between progression and activity of the disease". Molecular Medicine Reports 7, no. 3 (2013): 1010-1020. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1256