Open Access

Prognostic value of intratumoral carbonic anhydrase IX expression in testicular germ cell tumors

  • Authors:
    • Katarina Kalavska
    • Zuzana Cierna
    • Michal Chovanec
    • Martina Takacova
    • Daniela Svetlovska
    • Viera Miskovska
    • Jana Obertova
    • Patrik Palacka
    • Jan Rajec
    • Zuzana Sycova‑Mila
    • Katarina Machalekova
    • Karol Kajo
    • Stanislav Spanik
    • Jozef Mardiak
    • Pavel Babal
    • Silvia Pastorekova
    • Michal Mego
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 14, 2017     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5745
  • Pages: 2177-2185
  • Copyright: © Kalavska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent a highly curable malignancy, however a small proportion of patients fails to be cured with cisplatin‑based chemotherapy. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is upregulated by hypoxia in several cancer types and correlates with a poor prognosis. The present translational study evaluated expression and prognostic value of CA IX in TGCTs. Surgical specimens from 228 patients with TGCTs were processed by the tissue microarray method and subjected to immunohistochemistry with the M75 monoclonal antibody. CA IX expression was evaluated in tumors vs. adjacent normal testicular tissues and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. CA IX expression was detected in 62 (30.2%) of TGCTs compared to 0 (0%) of normal tissue adjacent to testicular tumor (P<0.001). The highest frequency of the CA IX expression was detected in teratoma (39.0%), followed by seminoma (22.7%), yolk sac tumor (22.2%), embryonal carcinoma (11.9%) and choriocarcinoma (7.7%). None of germ cell neoplasias in situ (GCNIS) exhibited CA IX expression. Patients without the CA IX tumor expression showed significantly better progression‑free survival, but not overall survival, compared to patients with the CA IX expression [hazard ratio (HR), 0.57; 95% CI, 0.32‑1.02; P=0.037 and HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.29‑1.16; P=0.088, respectively]. There was no significant correlation between the CA IX expression and clinicopathological variables. The intratumoral CA IX expression can serve as a prognostic marker in the TGCT patients. These results suggest that activation of the hypoxia‑induced pathways may be important in the treatment failure in TGCTs patients.

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April-2017
Volume 13 Issue 4

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Spandidos Publications style
Kalavska K, Cierna Z, Chovanec M, Takacova M, Svetlovska D, Miskovska V, Obertova J, Palacka P, Rajec J, Sycova‑Mila Z, Sycova‑Mila Z, et al: Prognostic value of intratumoral carbonic anhydrase IX expression in testicular germ cell tumors. Oncol Lett 13: 2177-2185, 2017.
APA
Kalavska, K., Cierna, Z., Chovanec, M., Takacova, M., Svetlovska, D., Miskovska, V. ... Mego, M. (2017). Prognostic value of intratumoral carbonic anhydrase IX expression in testicular germ cell tumors. Oncology Letters, 13, 2177-2185. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5745
MLA
Kalavska, K., Cierna, Z., Chovanec, M., Takacova, M., Svetlovska, D., Miskovska, V., Obertova, J., Palacka, P., Rajec, J., Sycova‑Mila, Z., Machalekova, K., Kajo, K., Spanik, S., Mardiak, J., Babal, P., Pastorekova, S., Mego, M."Prognostic value of intratumoral carbonic anhydrase IX expression in testicular germ cell tumors". Oncology Letters 13.4 (2017): 2177-2185.
Chicago
Kalavska, K., Cierna, Z., Chovanec, M., Takacova, M., Svetlovska, D., Miskovska, V., Obertova, J., Palacka, P., Rajec, J., Sycova‑Mila, Z., Machalekova, K., Kajo, K., Spanik, S., Mardiak, J., Babal, P., Pastorekova, S., Mego, M."Prognostic value of intratumoral carbonic anhydrase IX expression in testicular germ cell tumors". Oncology Letters 13, no. 4 (2017): 2177-2185. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5745