Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains

  • Authors:
    • Dewi Setyowati
    • Teguh Mubawadi
    • Yudied Agung Mirasa
    • Didik Purwanto
    • Mochamad Amin
    • Takako Utsumi
    • Soetjipto Soetjipto
    • Juniastuti Juniastuti
    • Maria Inge Lusida
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60131, Indonesia, Regional Center for Environmental Health and Disease Control of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java 60175, Indonesia, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia
    Copyright: © Setyowati et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 51-58
    |
    Published online on: November 27, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1261
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to analyse molecular epidemiological data from hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks in two affected areas. The association between the knowledge of hepatitis A and incidence of infection was also determined. Serum samples were obtained from 88 individuals with clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis in Lamongan (n=54) in January 2018 and Bangkalan (n=34) in March 2018. The outbreak investigation was started one day after the outbreaks were reported by the Public Health Offices in Lamongan and Bangkalan. Anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and PCR amplification products of the VP1 capsid protein-P2A protease and VP1-VP3 junctions were analysed. Positive PCR products were sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X software. The control group comprised healthy students and staff members from the two affected areas. Thus, 172 responses from the control and hepatitis A case groups were analysed to assess the association between the students' knowledge level and the incidence of HAV infection. A total of 32 (59.25%) of the 54 individuals from Lamongan and 19 (55.9%) of the 34 participants from Bangkalan were positive for anti-HAV IgM; 26 PCR tests were positive in the VP3-VP1 and/or VP1-P2A junction, which were identified as HAV subgenotype IA. The subtype of HAV in the two areas was IA, similar to those identified previously, but the viruses did not originate from the same strain, as identified by multiple alignment. The knowledge level of the students and staff members in Lamongan studying and working at a half-day school exhibited a significant association with the incidence; however, no association was observed among the students in Bangkalan studying at a full-day school with a dormitory.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Vaughan G, Goncalves Rossi LM, Forbi JC, de Paula VS, Purdy MA, Xia G and Khudyakov YE: Hepatitis A virus: Host interactions, molecular epidemiology and evolution. Infect Genet Evol. 21:227–243. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Shin E, Kim JS, Oh KH, Oh SS, Kwon M, Kim S, Park J, Kwak HS, Chung GT, Kim CJ, et al: A waterborne outbreak involving hepatitis A virus genotype IA at a residential facility in the Republic of Korea in 2015. J Clin Virol. 94:63–66. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Quiñones B, Lee BG, Martinsky TJ, Yambao JC, Haje PK and Schena M: Sensitive genotyping of foodborne-associated human noroviruses and hepatitis A virus using an array-based platform. Sensors (Basel). 17:1–16. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Lin KY, Chen GJ, Lee YL, Huang YC, Cheng A, Sun HY, Chang SY, Liu CE and Hung CC: Hepatitis A virus infection and hepatitis A vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A review. World J Gastroenterol. 23:3589–3606. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

de Almeida Ribeiro CR, Amado LA, Tourinho RS, Pinto Lima LR, Melgaço JG, de Almeida AJ, Bastos LS, Lewis-Ximenez LL and de Paula VS: Accuracy of rapid test for diagnosis of hepatitis A with different infection rate settings and with predictive modeling. Future Microbiol. 14:247–258. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Walker BW: Hepatitis A infection: On alert for outbreaks. Nursing. 48:66–69. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Lemon SM, Ott JJ, Van Damme P and Shouval D: Type A viral hepatitis: A summary and update on the molecular virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. J Hepatol. 68:167–184. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

World Health Organization (WHO): Hepatitis A. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a, 2019.

9 

Ouardani I, Turki S, Aouni M and Romalde JL: Detection and molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus from Tunisian wastewater treatment plants with different secondary treatments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 82:3834–3845. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Walczak-Galezewska MK, Skrypnik D, Szulinska M, Skrypnik K and Bogdanski P: Conservative management of acute calculous cholecystitis complicated by pancreatitis in an elderly woman: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(e11200)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Nainan OV, Xia G, Vaughan G and Margolis HS: Diagnosis of hepatitis A virus infection: A molecular approach. Clin Microbiol Rev. 19:63–79. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Ishii K, Kiyohara T, Yoshizaki S, Kawabata K, Kanayama A, Yahata Y, Takahashi T, Kinoshita H, Saitou T, Sunagawa T, et al: Epidemiological and genetic analysis of a 2014 outbreak of hepatitis A in Japan. Vaccine. 33:6029–6036. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Wu S, Nakamura M, Jiang X, Haga Y, Sasaki R and Yokosuka O: Direct-acting Antivirals and Host-targeting agents against the hepatitis A virus. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 3:205–210. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

McKnight KL and Lemon SM: Hepatitis A virus genome organization and replication strategy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 8:1–18. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Blanco Fernández MD, Torres C, Riviello-López G, Poma HR, Rajal VB, Nates S, Cisterna DM, Campos RH and Mbayed VA: Analysis of the circulation of hepatitis A virus in Argentina since vaccine introduction. Clin Microbiol Infect. 18:E548–E551. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Mulyanto Wibawa ID, Suparyatmo JB, Amirudin R, Ohnishi H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T and Okamoto H: The complete genomes of subgenotype IA hepatitis A virus strains from four different islands in Indonesia form a phylogenetic cluster. Arch Virol. 159:935–945. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Juniastuti Dedy WN, Mochamad A, Yamani LN, Utsumi T, Sustini F, et al: Analysis of genetic and serology of hepatitis A virus infection during and after outbreak in two junior high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. J Med Virol. 91:1048–1055. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Utsumi T, Yano Y, Amin M, Lusida MI, Soetjipto Hotta H and Hayashi Y: Acute hepatitis due to hepatitis A virus subgenotype IA as an imported infectious disease from Indonesia. Kobe J Med Sci. 60:E43–E47. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Yun H, Kim S, Lee H, Byun KS, Kwon SY, Yim HJ, Lim YS, Jeong SH and Jee Y: Genetic analysis of HAV strains isolated from patients with acute hepatitis in Korea, 2005-2006. J Med Virol. 80:777–784. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Schwarz NG, Revillion M, Dussaix E, Giraud M, Liberpre C, Couturier E, et al: Surveillance and outbreak reports food-borne outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV). Up Normandy. 13:1–5. 2008.

21 

Pondé RAA: The serological markers of acute infection with hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses revisited. Arch Virol. 162:3587–3602. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Aggarwal R and Goel A: Hepatitis A: Epidemiology in resource-poor countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 28:488–496. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Cha YJ, Park Q, Kang ES, Yoo BC, Park KU, Kim JW, Hwang YS and Kim MH: Performance evaluation of the OraQuick hepatitis C virus rapid antibody test. Ann Lab Med. 33:184–189. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Vinjé J: Advances in laboratory methods for detection and typing of norovirus. J Clin Microbiol. 53:373–381. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Verhoef L, Vennema H, van Pelt W, Lees D, Boshuizen H, Henshilwood K and Koopmans M: Food-Borne Viruses in Europe Network: Use of norovirus genotype profiles to differentiate origins of foodborne outbreaks. Emerg Infect Dis. 16:617–624. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Verhoef L, Kouyos RD, Vennema H, Kroneman A, Siebenga J, van Pelt W and Koopmans M: Foodborne Viruses in Europe Network: An integrated approach to identifying international foodborne norovirus outbreaks. Emerg Infect Dis. 17:412–418. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Bruni R, Taffon S, Equestre M, Chionne P, Madonna E, Rizzo C, Tosti ME, Alfonsi V, Ricotta L, De Medici D, et al: Italian National Task Force on Hepatitis A: Key role of sequencing to trace hepatitis a viruses circulating in Italy during a large multi-country European foodborne outbreak in 2013. PLoS One. 11(e0149642)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Lee H, Jeong H, Yun H, Kim K, Kim JH, Yang JM and Cheon DS: Genetic analysis of hepatitis A virus strains that induced epidemics in Korea during 2007-2009. J Clin Microbiol. 50:1252–1257. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Cristina J and Costa-Mattioli M: Genetic variability and molecular evolution of hepatitis A virus. Virus Res. 127:151–157. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

de Paula VS, Lu L, Niel C, Gaspar AMC and Robertson BH: Genetic analysis of hepatitis A virus isolates from Brazil. J Med Virol. 73:378–383. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Chironna M, Grottola A, Lanave C, Villa E, Barbuti S and Quarto M: Genetic analysis of HAV strains recovered from patients with acute hepatitis from Southern Italy. J Med Virol. 70:343–349. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Bruni R, Taffon S, Equestre M, Cella E, Lo Presti A, Costantino A, Chionne P, Madonna E, Golkocheva-Markova E, Bankova D, et al: Hepatitis a virus genotypes and strains from an endemic area of Europe, Bulgaria 2012-2014. BMC Infect Dis. 17(497)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Liu GD, Hu NZ and Hu YZ: Full-length genome of wild-type hepatitis A virus (DL3) isolated in China. World J Gastroenterol. 9:499–504. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Hamza H, Abd-Elshafy DN, Fayed SA, Bahgat MM, El-Esnawy NA and Abdel-Mobdy E: Detection and characterization of hepatitis A virus circulating in Egypt. Arch Virol. 162:1921–1931. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Lee AR, Lee SG, Kang LH, Jheong WH and Paik SY: Full-length genomic sequence of subgenotype IIIA hepatitis A virus isolate in Republic of Korea. BioMed Res Int. 2013(426034)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Crutzen R and Göritz AS: Public awareness and practical knowledge regarding Hepatitis A, B, and C: A two-country survey. J Infect Public Health. 5:195–198. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Tenner CT, Herzog K, Chaudhari S, Bini EJ and Weinshel EH: Knowledge, attitudes and barriers regarding vaccination against hepatitis A and B in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A survey of family medicine and internal medicine physicians in the United States. Int J Clin Pract. 66:1009–1013. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Larios SE, Masson CL, Shopshire MS, Hettema J, Jordan AE, McKnight C, Young C, Khalili M, Seewald RM, Min A, et al: Education and counseling in the methadone treatment setting improves knowledge of viral hepatitis. J Subst Abuse Treat. 46:528–531. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Setyowati D, Mubawadi T, Mirasa YA, Purwanto D, Amin M, Utsumi T, Soetjipto S, Juniastuti J and Lusida MI: Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains. Biomed Rep 12: 51-58, 2020.
APA
Setyowati, D., Mubawadi, T., Mirasa, Y.A., Purwanto, D., Amin, M., Utsumi, T. ... Lusida, M.I. (2020). Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains. Biomedical Reports, 12, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1261
MLA
Setyowati, D., Mubawadi, T., Mirasa, Y. A., Purwanto, D., Amin, M., Utsumi, T., Soetjipto, S., Juniastuti, J., Lusida, M. I."Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains". Biomedical Reports 12.2 (2020): 51-58.
Chicago
Setyowati, D., Mubawadi, T., Mirasa, Y. A., Purwanto, D., Amin, M., Utsumi, T., Soetjipto, S., Juniastuti, J., Lusida, M. I."Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains". Biomedical Reports 12, no. 2 (2020): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1261
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Setyowati D, Mubawadi T, Mirasa YA, Purwanto D, Amin M, Utsumi T, Soetjipto S, Juniastuti J and Lusida MI: Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains. Biomed Rep 12: 51-58, 2020.
APA
Setyowati, D., Mubawadi, T., Mirasa, Y.A., Purwanto, D., Amin, M., Utsumi, T. ... Lusida, M.I. (2020). Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains. Biomedical Reports, 12, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1261
MLA
Setyowati, D., Mubawadi, T., Mirasa, Y. A., Purwanto, D., Amin, M., Utsumi, T., Soetjipto, S., Juniastuti, J., Lusida, M. I."Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains". Biomedical Reports 12.2 (2020): 51-58.
Chicago
Setyowati, D., Mubawadi, T., Mirasa, Y. A., Purwanto, D., Amin, M., Utsumi, T., Soetjipto, S., Juniastuti, J., Lusida, M. I."Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains". Biomedical Reports 12, no. 2 (2020): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1261
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team