Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
March-2020 Volume 12 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2020 Volume 12 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion

  • Authors:
    • Masahiro Ohtani
    • Tsubasa Nishimura
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata, Hiroshima 739‑1195, Japan
  • Pages: 99-108
    |
    Published online on: December 30, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1269
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Aged garlic extract (AGE) contains various biologically active sulfur‑containing amino acids, such as S‑allylcysteine (SAC), S‑1‑propenylcysteine (S1PC) and S‑allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC). These amino acids have been demonstrated to lower hypertension, improve atherosclerosis and enhance immunity through their anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activities. It was recently reported that the administration of AGE alleviated gingivitis in a clinical trial. In this study, to gain insight into this effect of AGE, the authors examined whether AGE and the three above‑mentioned sulfur compounds influence the effects of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) in inducing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 (ICAM‑1) expression and interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) secretion in Ca9‑22 human gingival epithelial cells. It was found that S1PC reduced the level of ICAM‑1 protein induced by TNF‑α possibly through post‑translational levels without affecting the TNF‑α‑induced mRNA expression. However, SAC and SAMC had no effect. It was also confirmed the inhibitory effect of an antimicrobial peptide [human‑β defensin‑3 (hβD3)] and found that the inhibitory effects of hbD3 and S1PC were synergistic. On the other hand, the TNF‑α‑induced IL‑6 secretion was attenuated by SAC and SAMC in a dose‑dependent manner, whereas S1PC was ineffective. In addition, SAC and SAMC, but not S1PC inhibited the phosphorylation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB), which is involved in the expression of inflammatory molecules, suggesting that the anti‑inflammatory effects of SAC and SAMC are mediated, at least partly, by NF‑κB. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that the three sulfur amino acids in AGE function synergistically in alleviating inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Zini A, Mann J, Mazor S and Vered Y: The efficacy of aged garlic extract on gingivitis-A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Dentist. 29:52–56. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Sojod B, Chateau D, Mueller CG, Babajko S, Berdal A, Lézot F and Castaneda B: RANK/RANKL/OPG signalization implication in periodontitis: New evidence from a RANK transgenic mouse model. Front Physiol. 8(338)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Tzach-Nahman R, Nashef R, Fleisigg O, Palmon A, Shapira L, Wilensky A and Nussbaum G: Oral fibroblasts modulate the macrophage response to bacterial challenge. Sci Rep. 7(11516)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Wu YH, Kuraji R, Taya Y, Ito H and Numabe Y: Effects of theaflavins on tissue inflammation and bone resorption on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res. 53:1009–1019. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Morihara N, Hino A, Yamaguchi T and Suzuki JI: Aged garlic extract suppresses the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. J Nutr. 146:460S–463S. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Zeb I, Ahmadi N, Nasir K, Kadakia J, Larijani VN, Flores F, Li D and Budoff MJ: Aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 have favorable effect on inflammatory markers and coronary atherosclerosis progression: A randomized clinical trial. J Cardiovasc Dis Res. 3:185–190. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Matsutomo T, Ushijima M, Kodera Y, Nakamoto M, Takashima M, Morihara N and Tamura K: Metabolomic study on the antihypertensive effect of S-1-propenylcysteine in spontaneously hypertensive rats using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B. 1046:147–155. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Ried K, Travica N and Sali A: The effect of aged garlic extract on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in uncontrolled hypertensives: The AGE at heart trial. Integr Blood Press Control. 9:9–21. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Suzuki JI, Kodera Y, Miki S, Ushijima M, Takashima M, Matsutomo T and Morihara N: Anti-inflammatory action of cysteine derivative S-1-propenylcysteine by inducing MyD88 degradation. Sci Rep. 8(14148)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Suzuki J, Yamaguchi T, Matsutomo T, Amano H, Morihara N and Kodera Y: S-1-Propenylcysteine promotes the differentiation of B cells into IgA-producing cells by the induction of Erk1/2-dependent Xbp1 expression in Peyer's patches. Nutrition. 32:884–889. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Anandasadagopan SK, Sundaramoorthy C, Pandurangan AK, Nagarajan V, Srinivasan K and Ganapasam S: S-Allyl cysteine alleviates inflammation by modulating the expression of NF-κB during chromium (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 36:1186–1220. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Hiramatsu K, Tsuneyoshi T, Ogawa T and Morihara N: Aged garlic extract enhances heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit expression via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Nutr Res. 36:143–149. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Tsuneyoshi T, Kunimura K and Morihara N: S-1-Propenylcysteine augments BACH1 degradation and heme oxygenase 1 expression in a nitric oxide-dependent manner in endothelial cells. Nitric Oxide. 84:22–29. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Wang HH, Lee HM, Raja V, Hou W, Lacono VJ, Sacduto J, Johnson F, Golub MN and Gu Y: Enhanced efficacy of chemically modified curcumin in experimental periodontitis: Systemic implications. J Exp Pharmacol. 11:1–14. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Fu E, Tsai MC, Chin YT, Tu HP, Fu MM, Chian CY and Chiu HC: The effects of diallyl sulfide upon Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulated proinflammatory cytokine expressions and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res. 50:380–388. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Bachrach G, Jamil A, Noar R, Tal G, Ludmer Z and Steinberg D: Garlic allicin as a potential agent for controlling oral pathogens. J Med Food. 14:1338–1343. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Bakri IM and Douglas CW: Inhibitory effect of garlic extract on oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol. 50:645–651. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Velliyagounder K, Ganeshnarayan K, Velusamy SK and Fine DH: In vitro efficacy of diallyl sulfides against the periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 56:2397–2407. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Kodera Y, Ushijima M, Amano H, Suzuki JI and Matsutomo T: Chemical and biological properties of S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine in aged garlic extract. Molecules. 22(570)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Nakae H and Matsuo T: Cytokines differentially regulate ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on human gingival fibroblasts. Clin Exp immunol. 144:494–502. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Kato Y, Hagiwara M, Ishihara Y, Isoda R, Sugiura S, Komatsu T, Ishida N, Noguchi T and Matsushita K: TNF-α augmented Porphyromonas gingivalis invasion in human gingival epithelial cells through Rab5 and ICAM-1. BMC Microbiol. 14(229)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Liu J, Duan J, Wang Y and Ouyang X: Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 is regulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis through nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 molecules in periodontal fibroblasts. J Periodontol. 85:358–368. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Song H, Zhao H, Qu Y, Sun Q, Zhang F, Du Z, Liang W, Qi Y and Yang P: Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-3 inhibits concurrent tumor necrosis factor-α- and interleukin-1β-induced expression of adhesion molecules on human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res. 46:48–57. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Tancharoen S, Matsuyama T, Abeyama K, Matsushita K, Kawahara K, Sanqalungkam V, Tokuda M, Hashiguchi T, Maruyama I and Izumi Y: The role of water channel aquaporin 3 in the mechanism of TNF-alpha-mediated proinflammatory events: Implication in periodontal inflammation. J Cell Physiol. 217:338–349. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Bian T, Li H, Zhou Q, Ni C, Zhang Y and Yan F: Human β-defensin 3 reduces TNF-α-induced inflammation and monocyte adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mediators Inflamm. 2017(8529542)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Nennig SE and Schank JR: The role of NFkB in drug addiction: Beyond inflammation. Alcohol Alcohol. 52:172–179. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Yamaguchi H, Ishida Y, Hosomichi J, Suzuki JI, Usumi-Fujita R, Shimizu Y, Kaneko S and Ono T: A new approach to transfect NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides into the periodontal tissue using the ultrasound-microbubble method. Int J Oral Sci. 9:80–86. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Cui D, Lyu J, Li H, Lei L, Bian T, Li L and Yan F: Human β-defensin 3 inhibits periodontitis development by suppressing inflammatory responses in macrophages. Mol Immunol. 91:65–74. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Li S, Song Z, Dong J and Shu R: MicroRNA-142 is upregulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and triggers apoptosis in human gingival epithelial cells by repressing BACH2 expression. Am J Transl Res. 9:175–183. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Lawson C and Wolf S: ICAM-1 signaling in endothelial cells. Pharmacol Rep. 61:22–32. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Lyck R and Enzmann G: The physiological roles of ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 in neutrophil migration into tissues. Curr Opin Hepatol. 22:53–59. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Liu CW, Sung HC, Lin SR, Wu CW, Lee CW, Lee IT, Yang YF, Yu IS, Lin SW, Chiang MH, et al: Resveratrol attenuates ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesiveness to TNF-α-treated endothelial cells: Evidence for an anti-inflammatory cascade mediated by the miR-221/222/AMPK/p38/NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep. 7(44689)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Yan W, Zhao K, Jiang Y, Huang Q, Wang J, Kan W and Wang S: Role of p38 MAPK in ICAM-1 expression of vascular endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Shock. 17:433–438. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Zhao W, Feng H, Guo S, Han Y and Chen X: Danshenol A inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mediated by NOX4 in endothelial cells. Sci Rep. 7(12953)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Imai H, Fujita T, Kajiya M, Ouhara K, Yoshimoto T, Matsuda S, Takeda K and Kurihara H: Mobilization of TLR4 into lipid rafts by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in gingival epithelial cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 39:1777–1786. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K and Matsuo T: IL-27 modulates chemokine production in TNF-α-stimulated human oral epithelial cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 43:1198–1206. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Güncü GN, Yilmaz D, Könönen E and Gürsoy U: Salivary antimicrobial peptides in early detection of periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 5(99)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Tanaka T, Narazaki M and Kishimoto T: IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 6(a016295)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Ahn SH, Lee JK, Kim ND, Kim SH, Lee S, Jung S, Chay KO and Lee TH: [2-(1,2-diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] augments pro-inflammatory cytokine production in IL-1b-stimulated primary human oral cells. Int J Mol Sci. 19(1835)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ohtani M and Nishimura T: Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion. Biomed Rep 12: 99-108, 2020.
APA
Ohtani, M., & Nishimura, T. (2020). Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion. Biomedical Reports, 12, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1269
MLA
Ohtani, M., Nishimura, T."Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion". Biomedical Reports 12.3 (2020): 99-108.
Chicago
Ohtani, M., Nishimura, T."Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion". Biomedical Reports 12, no. 3 (2020): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1269
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ohtani M and Nishimura T: Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion. Biomed Rep 12: 99-108, 2020.
APA
Ohtani, M., & Nishimura, T. (2020). Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion. Biomedical Reports, 12, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1269
MLA
Ohtani, M., Nishimura, T."Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion". Biomedical Reports 12.3 (2020): 99-108.
Chicago
Ohtani, M., Nishimura, T."Sulfur‑containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 expression and IL‑6 secretion". Biomedical Reports 12, no. 3 (2020): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1269
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team