Development of a novel phantom using polyethylene glycol for the visualization of restricted diffusion in diffusion kurtosis imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient subtraction method

Khasawneh,Abdullah; Kuroda,Masahiro; Yoshimura,Yuuki; Sugianto,Irfan; Bamgbose,Babatunde O.; Hamada,Kentaro; Barham,Majd; Tekiki,Nouha; Konishi,Kohei; Sugimoto,Kohei; Ishizaka,Hinata; Kurozumi,Akira; Matsushita,Toshi; Ohno,Seiichiro; Kanazawa,Susumu; Asaumi,Junichi

doi:10.3892/br.2020.1359

Development of a novel phantom using polyethylene glycol for the visualization of restricted diffusion in diffusion kurtosis imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient subtraction method

Authors:
- Abdullah Khasawneh
- Masahiro Kuroda
- Yuuki Yoshimura
- Irfan Sugianto
- Babatunde O. Bamgbose
- Kentaro Hamada
- Majd Barham
- Nouha Tekiki
- Kohei Konishi
- Kohei Sugimoto
- Hinata Ishizaka
- Akira Kurozumi
- Toshi Matsushita
- Seiichiro Ohno
- Susumu Kanazawa
- Junichi Asaumi
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Affiliations: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan, Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan, Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan, Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan
Published online on: September 22, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1359
Article Number: 52

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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate whether polyethylene glycol (PEG) phantoms have the potential to be used as standard phantoms for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to visualize restricted diffusion in diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), the ADC subtraction method (ASM) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Diffusion‑weighted images of 0‑120 mM PEG phantoms were captured to create ADC, DKI and ASM images with post‑processing. ASM is a recently developed method for restricted diffusion imaging using the readout segmentation of long variable echo‑train sequences. As the PEG concentration increases, the ADC value decreases. Conversely, an increase in DKI and ASM values is associated with increasing PEG concentration. Formulae were constructed to represent the association between PEG concentrations and ADC, DKI and ASM values. These formulae can be used to determine the required PEG concentrations to mimic arbitrary ADC, DKI and ASM values of certain diseases, including tumors and infarctions. Validation experiments were conducted using bio‑phantoms and clarified that the PEG phantoms cover the range of ADC and DKI values reported in previous clinical research using 3T MRI. PEG phantoms may be useful for future MRI research involving restricted diffusion.

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