Phenanthridine derivatives as potential HIV‑1 protease inhibitors

Ershov,Pavel V.; Мezentsev,Yuri V.; Kaluzhskiy,Leonid A.; Ivanov,Alexis S.

doi:10.3892/br.2020.1373

Phenanthridine derivatives as potential HIV‑1 protease inhibitors

Authors:
- Pavel V. Ershov
- Yuri V. Мezentsev
- Leonid A. Kaluzhskiy
- Alexis S. Ivanov
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Affiliations: Federal State Budgetary Institution, V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
Published online on: October 20, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1373
Article Number: 66

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Abstract

In the present study, the antiviral activity of phenanthridine derivatives was assessed. In total, the inhibitory effect of eight structurally similar low‑molecular‑weight hydrophobic compounds on HIV‑1 protease (HIVp) was investigated. HIVp is a key enzyme in the HIV‑1 life cycle. Surface plasmon resonance technology was used for affinity assessment of compounds binding with either monomeric or dimeric forms of HIVp. HIVp enzyme inhibition assays with chromogenic substrate VII were also used to determine the IC₅₀ values. The most potent compound was 3,3,9,9‑tetramethyl‑3,4,9,10‑tetrahydro‑2H,8H‑phenanthridine‑1,7‑dione which binds to monomeric and dimeric forms of HIVp (apparent dissociation constant, 2‑7 µM; IC₅₀, 36 µМ), while possessing the most favorable Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion parameters. Molecular docking simulations highlighted certain differences in the binding patterns of the phenanthridine derivatives with HIVp amino acid residues forming the flaps domain, monomer/monomer interfaces and the active site cavity of HIVp. Thus, it was hypothesized that the inhibitory effect of phenanthridine compounds on the enzymatic activity of HIVp may be due to restriction of substrate access to the HIVp active site.

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