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Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Takashi Onodera
    • Akikazu Sakudo
    • Yoshifumi Iwamaru
    • Takashi Yokoyama
    • Makoto Haritani
    • Katsuaki Sugiura
    • Hidekatsu Shimakura
    • Takeshi Haga
    • Rumiko Onishi
    • Koichi Furusaki
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Laboratory of Environmental Science for Sustainable Development, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8657, Japan, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime 794‑0051, Japan, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑1002, Japan, Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8657, Japan, Santa Mineral Co., Ltd., Tokyo 105‑0013, Japan, Mineral Activation Technical Research Center, Omuta, Fukuoka 836‑0041, Japan
    Copyright: © Onodera et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 57
    |
    Published online on: May 12, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1540
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Abstract

Calcium bicarbonate does not act as a disinfectant at neutral pH; however, it exerts strong antimicrobial activity after it is placed in a high‑voltage electric field, whereby it assumes an alkaline pH (12.4). Moreover, the microbicidal activity of the resulting solution (named CAC‑717) is not influenced by the presence of organic material or resistance of the agent to inactivation. When sprayed on the skin surface, the pH of CAC‑717 decreases rapidly to 8.84. CAC‑717 comprises fine particles of 50‑500 nm. When these mesoscopic crystals are dissolved in water, they destroy the genomes of bacteria or viruses and neutralize the infectious properties of abnormal prion proteins produced in ScN2a cells. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) pandemic has resulted in unprecedented international demand for disinfectants. A small titer of SARS‑CoV‑2 remains infectious even after 30 sec in growth medium at pH 12.4. CAC‑717 has exhibited a strong virucidal effect (3.6 to 4.4 log10 decrease) against all examined SARS‑CoV‑2 isolates, including mutant forms. Similarly, human noroviruses also remain intact at pH 12.4; however, CAC‑717 has been shown to cause a 3.25 log10 reduction in norovirus genomic RNA compared to untreated samples. Existing evidence suggests that an unidentified mechanism controls the virucidal activity of CAC‑717.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Onodera T, Sakudo A, Iwamaru Y, Yokoyama T, Haritani M, Sugiura K, Shimakura H, Haga T, Onishi R, Furusaki K, Furusaki K, et al: Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review). Biomed Rep 17: 57, 2022.
APA
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Iwamaru, Y., Yokoyama, T., Haritani, M., Sugiura, K. ... Furusaki, K. (2022). Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review). Biomedical Reports, 17, 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1540
MLA
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Iwamaru, Y., Yokoyama, T., Haritani, M., Sugiura, K., Shimakura, H., Haga, T., Onishi, R., Furusaki, K."Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review)". Biomedical Reports 17.1 (2022): 57.
Chicago
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Iwamaru, Y., Yokoyama, T., Haritani, M., Sugiura, K., Shimakura, H., Haga, T., Onishi, R., Furusaki, K."Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review)". Biomedical Reports 17, no. 1 (2022): 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1540
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Onodera T, Sakudo A, Iwamaru Y, Yokoyama T, Haritani M, Sugiura K, Shimakura H, Haga T, Onishi R, Furusaki K, Furusaki K, et al: Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review). Biomed Rep 17: 57, 2022.
APA
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Iwamaru, Y., Yokoyama, T., Haritani, M., Sugiura, K. ... Furusaki, K. (2022). Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review). Biomedical Reports, 17, 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1540
MLA
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Iwamaru, Y., Yokoyama, T., Haritani, M., Sugiura, K., Shimakura, H., Haga, T., Onishi, R., Furusaki, K."Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review)". Biomedical Reports 17.1 (2022): 57.
Chicago
Onodera, T., Sakudo, A., Iwamaru, Y., Yokoyama, T., Haritani, M., Sugiura, K., Shimakura, H., Haga, T., Onishi, R., Furusaki, K."Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion‑inhibiting agent (Review)". Biomedical Reports 17, no. 1 (2022): 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1540
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