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Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury

  • Authors:
    • Sebastian Dzierzęcki
    • Mirosław Ząbek
    • Artur Zaczyński
    • Ryszard Tomasiuk
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    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Medical Centre, 03‑242 Warsaw, Poland, Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02‑507 Warsaw, Poland, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities Radom, 26‑600 Radom, Poland
    Copyright: © Dzierzęcki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 58
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    Published online on: May 19, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1541
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Abstract

Craniocerebral injury (CBI) is tissue damage caused by a sudden mechanical force. CBI can result in neurological, neuropsychological and psychiatric dysfunctions. Currently, the severity of CBI is assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale, brain perfusion pressure measurements, transcranial Doppler tests and biochemical markers. This study aimed to determine the applicability of the S‑100B protein levels and the time‑averaged mean maximum cerebral blood flow velocity (Vmean) as a means of predicting the treatment outcomes of CBI in the first 4 days of hospitalization. The results validated the standard reference ranges previously proposed for the concentration of S‑100B (0.05‑0.23 µg/l) and the mean of cerebral blood flow velocity (30.9 to 74.1 cm/sec). The following stratification scheme was used to predict the success of treatment: Patients with a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score ≥4 or GOS <4 were stratified into ‘favorable’ and ‘unfavorable’ groups, respectively. The favorable group showed relatively constant levels of the S‑100B protein close to the normal range and exhibited an increase in Vmean, but this was still within the normal range. The unfavorable group exhibited a high level of S‑100B protein and increased Vmean outside of the normal ranges. The changes in the levels of S‑100B in the unfavorable and favorable groups were ‑0.03 and ‑0.006 mg/l/h, respectively. Furthermore, the rate of decrease in the Vmean value in the unfavorable and favorable groups were ‑0.26 and ‑0.18 cm/sec/h, respectively. This study showed that constant levels of S‑100B protein, even slightly above the normal range, associated with an increase in Vmean was indicative of a positive therapeutic outcome. However, additional research is required to obtain the appropriate statistical strength required for clinical practice.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Dzierzęcki S, Ząbek M, Zaczyński A and Tomasiuk R: Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury. Biomed Rep 17: 58, 2022.
APA
Dzierzęcki, S., Ząbek, M., Zaczyński, A., & Tomasiuk, R. (2022). Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury. Biomedical Reports, 17, 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1541
MLA
Dzierzęcki, S., Ząbek, M., Zaczyński, A., Tomasiuk, R."Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury". Biomedical Reports 17.1 (2022): 58.
Chicago
Dzierzęcki, S., Ząbek, M., Zaczyński, A., Tomasiuk, R."Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury". Biomedical Reports 17, no. 1 (2022): 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1541
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Dzierzęcki S, Ząbek M, Zaczyński A and Tomasiuk R: Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury. Biomed Rep 17: 58, 2022.
APA
Dzierzęcki, S., Ząbek, M., Zaczyński, A., & Tomasiuk, R. (2022). Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury. Biomedical Reports, 17, 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1541
MLA
Dzierzęcki, S., Ząbek, M., Zaczyński, A., Tomasiuk, R."Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury". Biomedical Reports 17.1 (2022): 58.
Chicago
Dzierzęcki, S., Ząbek, M., Zaczyński, A., Tomasiuk, R."Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury". Biomedical Reports 17, no. 1 (2022): 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1541
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