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Article Open Access

Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of Ganoderma

  • Authors:
    • Koji Hattori
    • Hiroshi Takagi
    • Yuichiro Ogata
    • Takaaki Yamada
    • Hiroki Horiba
    • Kousuke Fukata
    • Tsutomu Sakaida
    • Youichi Yashiro
    • Seiji Hasegawa
    • Hiroyuki Tanaka
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya‑shi, Aichi 451‑0071, Japan, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501‑1196, Japan
    Copyright: © Hattori et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 1
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    Published online on: November 9, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1583
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Abstract

Ganoderma, a medicinal mushroom with various physiological activities, has been extensively investigated regarding its effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a subcritical water extract of Ganoderma (SWEG) on the immune system. The use of subcritical water with a higher temperature and pressure than hot water allows efficient elution of components from natural products. As an evaluation of the effectiveness of SWEG, a cell proliferation and a cell differentiation test were carried out using A‑6 cells, a model of hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, an oral administration test in mice was conducted to examine the effects of SWEG on the number and function of immune cells. As a result, SWEG was revealed to promote both self‑renewal and differentiation into immune cells such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in experiments with A‑6 cells. These results were not obtained in experiments using hot water extract of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense. The oral administration test in mice demonstrated that SWEG increased hematopoietic precursor cells, immature B cells, and NK cells in the bone marrow, and T cells in the thymus. In addition, SWEG enhanced the immune functions in the spleen by promoting granzyme B expression and NK cell activity. SWEG was demonstrated to be a food material that acts on HSCs and regulates immunity in vivo.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hattori K, Takagi H, Ogata Y, Yamada T, Horiba H, Fukata K, Sakaida T, Yashiro Y, Hasegawa S, Tanaka H, Tanaka H, et al: Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <em>Ganoderma</em>. Biomed Rep 18: 1, 2023.
APA
Hattori, K., Takagi, H., Ogata, Y., Yamada, T., Horiba, H., Fukata, K. ... Tanaka, H. (2023). Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <em>Ganoderma</em>. Biomedical Reports, 18, 1. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1583
MLA
Hattori, K., Takagi, H., Ogata, Y., Yamada, T., Horiba, H., Fukata, K., Sakaida, T., Yashiro, Y., Hasegawa, S., Tanaka, H."Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <em>Ganoderma</em>". Biomedical Reports 18.1 (2023): 1.
Chicago
Hattori, K., Takagi, H., Ogata, Y., Yamada, T., Horiba, H., Fukata, K., Sakaida, T., Yashiro, Y., Hasegawa, S., Tanaka, H."Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <em>Ganoderma</em>". Biomedical Reports 18, no. 1 (2023): 1. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1583
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Hattori K, Takagi H, Ogata Y, Yamada T, Horiba H, Fukata K, Sakaida T, Yashiro Y, Hasegawa S, Tanaka H, Tanaka H, et al: Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <em>Ganoderma</em>. Biomed Rep 18: 1, 2023.
APA
Hattori, K., Takagi, H., Ogata, Y., Yamada, T., Horiba, H., Fukata, K. ... Tanaka, H. (2023). Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <em>Ganoderma</em>. Biomedical Reports, 18, 1. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1583
MLA
Hattori, K., Takagi, H., Ogata, Y., Yamada, T., Horiba, H., Fukata, K., Sakaida, T., Yashiro, Y., Hasegawa, S., Tanaka, H."Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <em>Ganoderma</em>". Biomedical Reports 18.1 (2023): 1.
Chicago
Hattori, K., Takagi, H., Ogata, Y., Yamada, T., Horiba, H., Fukata, K., Sakaida, T., Yashiro, Y., Hasegawa, S., Tanaka, H."Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <em>Ganoderma</em>". Biomedical Reports 18, no. 1 (2023): 1. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1583
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