Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
April-2023 Volume 18 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2023 Volume 18 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways

  • Authors:
    • Ratchaniporn Kongsui
    • Jinatta Jittiwat
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
    Copyright: © Kongsui et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 26
    |
    Published online on: February 15, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1608
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Focal ischemia occurs when an embolus or thrombus occludes an artery, causing the rapid obstruction of cerebral blood flow. Although stroke represents a main cause of disability and mortality in developing countries, therapeutic approaches available for this condition remain very limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the phytochemical, 6‑gingerol, on the brain infarct volume, neuronal loss and on the oxidative stress parameters, cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) and interleukin (IL)‑6, in an animal model of focal ischemic stroke. Male Wistar rats, weighing 250‑300 g, were divided into the following six groups: i) The control; ii) right middle cerebral artery occlusion (Rt.MCAO) + vehicle; iii) Rt.MCAO + piracetam; iv) Rt.MCAO + 6‑gingerol (6‑Gin) at 5 mg/kg body weight (BW); v) Rt.MCAO + 6‑Gin at 10 mg/kg BW; and vi) the Rt.MCAO + 6‑Gin at 20 mg/kg BW group. The rats in each group received the vehicle or piracetam or 6‑gingerol intraperitoneally for 7 days following Rt.MCAO. The brain infarct volume, neuronal loss and alterations in antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory levels were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus. The results revealed that the brain infarct volume, malondialdehyde level and the density ratio of COX‑2 and IL‑6 to β‑actin were significantly decreased following treatment with 6‑gingerol. In addition, neuronal density and superoxide dismutase activity in the cortex and hippocampus were increased. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that 6‑gingerol exerts antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects in vivo, which effectively ameliorate the brain damage induced by focal cerebral ischemic stroke.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Gebreyohannes EA, Bhagavathula AS, Abebe TB, Seid MA and Haile KT: In-Hospital mortality among ischemic stroke patients in Gondar University Hospital: A retrospective cohort study. Stroke Res Treat. 2019(7275063)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Rochmah TN, Rahmawati IT, Dahlui M, Budiarto W and Bilqis N: Economic burden of stroke disease: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18(7552)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Fantini S, Sassaroli A, Tgavalekos KT and Kornbluth J: Cerebral blood flow and autoregulation: current measurement techniques and prospects for noninvasive optical methods. Neurophotonics. 3(031411)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Jaffer H, Morris VB, Stewart D and Labhasetwar V: Advances in stroke therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 1:409–419. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Davis SM and Pennypacker KR: Targeting antioxidant enzyme expression as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int. 107:23–32. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Jittiwat J, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus C and Tocharus J: Dihydrocapsaicin effectively mitigates cerebral ischemia-induced pathological changes in vivo, partly via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways. Life Sci. 283(119842)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Jittiwat J, Chonpathompikunlert P and Sukketsiri W: Neuroprotective effects of Apium graveolens against focal cerebral ischemia occur partly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. J Sci Food Agric. 101:2256–2263. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Wu L, Xiong X, Wu X, Ye Y, Jian Z, Zhi Z and Gu L: Targeting oxidative stress and inflammation to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Mol Neurosci. 13(28)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Vidale S, Consoli A, Arnaboldi M and Consoli D: Postischemic Inflammation in Acute Stroke. J Clin Neurol. 13:1–9. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Kawabori M and Yenari MA: Inflammatory responses in brain ischemia. Curr Med Chem. 22:1258–1277. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Jin R, Yang G and Li G: Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: Role of inflammatory cells. J Leukoc Biol. 87:779–789. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Fathali N, Ostrowski RP, Lekic T, Jadhav V, Tong W, Tang J and Zhang JH: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition provides lasting protection against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 38:572–578. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Minghetti L: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 63:901–910. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Yan W, Ren D, Feng X, Huang J, Wang D, Li T and Zhang D: Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of pterostilbene against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppression of COX-2. Front Pharmacol. 12(70329)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Alsahli MA, Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Khan AA, Anwar S, Almutary AG, Alrumaihi F and Rahmani AH: 6-Gingerol, a major ingredient of ginger attenuates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced liver injury in rats through the modulation of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity. Mediators Inflamm. 2021(6661937)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Almatroodi SA, Alnuqaydan AM, Babiker AY, Almogbel MA, Khan AA and Husain Rahmani A: 6-Gingerol, a bioactive compound of ginger attenuates renal damage in Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic rats by regulating the oxidative stress and inflammation. Pharmaceutics. 13(317)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Majdi Yazdi G, Vaezi G, Hojati V and Mohammad-Zadeh M: The Effect of 6-gingerol on Growth factors and apoptosis indices in rats exposed to gold nanoparticles. Basic Clin Neurosci. 12:301–308. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Wang S, Zhang C, Yang G and Yang Y: Biological properties of 6-gingerol: A brief review. Nat Prod Commun. 9:1027–1030. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Luo J, Chen J, Yang C, Tan J, Zhao J, Jiang N and Zhao Y: 6-Gingerol protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis via TRPV1/FAF1 complex dissociation-mediated autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol. 100(108146)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Adetuyi BO and Farombi EO: 6-Gingerol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidation, inflammation, cognitive deficits, neuroplasticity, and amyloidogenesis in rat. J Food Biochem. 45(e13660)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Suekawa M, Ishige A, Yuasa K, Sudo K, Aburada M and Hosoya E: Pharmacological studies on ginger. I. Pharmacological actions of pungent constitutents, (6)-gingerol and (6)-shogaol. J Pharmacobiodyn. 7:836–848. 1984.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Jittiwat J: Baihui point laser acupuncture ameliorates cognitive impairment, motor deficit, and neuronal loss partly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in an animal model of focal ischemic stroke. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019(1204709)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Wattanathorn J, Jittiwat J, Tongun T, Muchimapura S and Ingkaninan K: Zingiber officinale Mitigates Brain Damage and Improves Memory Impairment in Focal Cerebral Ischemic Rat. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011(429505)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Jittiwat J: Laser Acupuncture at GV20 Improves brain damage and oxidative stress in animal model of focal ischemic stroke. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 10:324–330. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL and Randall RJ: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 193:265–275. 1951.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ohkawa H, Ohishi N and Yagi K: Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 95:351–358. 1979.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Rossmeisl JH Jr, Rohleder JJ, Pickett JP, Duncan R and Herring IP: Presumed and confirmed striatocapsular brain infarctions in six dogs. Vet Ophthalmol. 10:23–36. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Wayman C, Duricki DA, Roy LA, Haenzi B, Tsai SY, Kartje G, Beech JS, Cash D and Moon L: Performing permanent distal middle cerebral with common carotid artery occlusion in aged rats to study cortical ischemia with sustained disability. J Vis Exp. (53106)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Teertam SK and Prakash Babu P: Differential role of SIRT1/MAPK pathway during cerebral ischemia in rats and humans. Sci Rep. 11(6339)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Wang C, Ma Z, Wang Z, Ming S, Ding Y, Zhou S and Qian H: Eriodictyol attenuates MCAO-Induced brain injury and neurological deficits via reversing the autophagy dysfunction. Front Syst Neurosci. 15(655125)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Lee B, Choi EJ, Lee EJ, Han SM, Hahm DH, Lee HJ and Shim I: The neuroprotective effect of methanol extract of gagamjungjihwan and fructus euodiae on ischemia-induced neuronal and cognitive impairment in the rat. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011(685254)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Shah FA, Li T, Kury LTA, Zeb A, Khatoon S, Liu G, Yang X, Liu F, Yao H, Khan AU, et al: Pathological comparisons of the hippocampal changes in the transient and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion rat models. Front Neurol. 10(1178)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Chung JY, Yi JW, Kim SM, Lim YJ, Chung JH and Jo DJ: Changes in gene expression in the rat hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 50:173–178. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Genovese T, Mazzon E, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Bramanti P and Cuzzocrea S: Modulation of NADPH oxidase activation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Brain Res. 1372:92–102. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Paliwal P, Dash D and Krishnamurthy S: Pharmacokinetic study of piracetam in focal cerebral ischemic rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 43:205–213. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Muley MM, Thakare VN, Patil RR, Bafna PA and Naik SR: Amelioration of cognitive, motor and endogenous defense functions with silymarin, piracetam and protocatechuic acid in the cerebral global ischemic rat model. Life Sci. 93:51–57. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

He Z, Liao Y, Zheng M, Zeng FD and Guo LJ: Piracetam improves cognitive deficits caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 28:613–627. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Rezazadeh-Shojaee FS, Ramazani E, Kasaian J and Tayarani-Najaran Z: Protective effects of 6-gingerol on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through modulation of SAPK/JNK and survivin activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 36(e22956)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Zhao M, Yao Y, Du J, Kong L, Zhao T, Wu D, Man L and Zhou W: 6-Gingerol Alleviates neonatal hypoxic-ischemic cerebral and white matter injury and contributes to functional recovery. Front Pharmacol. 12(707772)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Liu Z, Ren Z, Zhang J, Chuang CC, Kandaswamy E, Zhou T and Zuo L: Role of ROS and Nutritional antioxidants in human diseases. Front Physiol. 9(477)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Gorjão R, Takahashi HK, Pan JA and Massao Hirabara S: Molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation and insulin resistance in chronic diseases and possible interventions. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012(841983)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Liou GY and Storz P: Reactive oxygen species in cancer. Free Radic Res. 44:479–496. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Mohd Yusof YA: Gingerol and its role in chronic diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 929:177–207. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

El-Senousey HK, Chen B, Wang JY, Atta AM, Mohamed FR and Nie QH: Effects of dietary vitamin C, vitamin E, and alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on the antioxidant defense system and immune-related gene expression in broilers exposed to oxidative stress by dexamethasone. Poult Sci. 97:30–38. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Watts LT, Lloyd R, Garling RJ and Duong T: Stroke neuroprotection: Targeting mitochondria. Brain Sci. 3:540–560. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Farombi EO, Abolaji AO, Adetuyi BO, Awosanya O and Fabusoro M: Neuroprotective role of 6-Gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) against acrylonitrile-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 30:2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Whiteley W, Jackson C, Lewis S, Lowe G, Rumley A, Sandercock P, Wardlaw J, Dennis M and Sudlow C: Inflammatory markers and poor outcome after stroke: A prospective cohort study and systematic review of interleukin 6. PLoS Med. 6(e1000145)2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Ju SA, Nguyen QT, Nguyen TT, Suh JH, An WG, Callaway Z, Joe Y, Chung HT and Kim BS: Pretreatment with 6-Gingerol Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Immune Dysfunction by Regulating the Cytokine Balance and Reducing Lymphocyte Apoptosis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021(5427153)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Hwang YH, Kim T, Kim R and Ha H: The Natural Product 6-Gingerol Inhibits Inflammation-Associated Osteoclast Differentiation via Reduction of Prostaglandin E2 Levels. Int J Mol Sci. 19(2068)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Tripathi S, Maier KG, Bruch D and Kittur DS: Effect of 6-gingerol on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and costimulatory molecule expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Surg Res. 138:209–213. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Kim SO, Chun KS, Kundu JK and Surh YJ: Inhibitory effects of [6]-gingerol on PMA-induced COX-2 expression and activation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK in mouse skin. Biofactors. 21:27–31. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Gugliandolo A, Silvestro S, Sindona C, Bramanti P and Mazzon E: MiRNA: Involvement of the MAPK Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. A Promising Therapeutic Target. Medicina (Kaunas). 57(1053)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Safa A, Abak A, Shoorei H, Taheri M and Ghafouri-Fard S: MicroRNAs as regulators of ERK/MAPK pathway: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother. 132(110853)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Yang M, He Y, Deng S, Xiao L, Tian M, Xin Y, Lu C, Zhao F and Gong Y: Mitochondrial Quality Control: A pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic target for stroke. Front Mol Neurosci. 14(786099)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Vongsfak J, Pratchayasakul W, Apaijai N, Vaniyapong T, Chattipakorn N and Chattipakorn SC: The alterations in mitochondrial dynamics following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Antioxidants (Basel). 10(1384)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kongsui R and Jittiwat J: Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways. Biomed Rep 18: 26, 2023.
APA
Kongsui, R., & Jittiwat, J. (2023). Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways. Biomedical Reports, 18, 26. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1608
MLA
Kongsui, R., Jittiwat, J."Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways". Biomedical Reports 18.4 (2023): 26.
Chicago
Kongsui, R., Jittiwat, J."Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways". Biomedical Reports 18, no. 4 (2023): 26. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1608
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kongsui R and Jittiwat J: Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways. Biomed Rep 18: 26, 2023.
APA
Kongsui, R., & Jittiwat, J. (2023). Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways. Biomedical Reports, 18, 26. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1608
MLA
Kongsui, R., Jittiwat, J."Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways". Biomedical Reports 18.4 (2023): 26.
Chicago
Kongsui, R., Jittiwat, J."Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways". Biomedical Reports 18, no. 4 (2023): 26. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1608
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team