Exploring the optimal vaccination strategy against hepatitis B virus in childhood (Review)
- Authors:
- Anna Kramvis
- Ioannis N. Mammas
- Demetrios A. Spandidos
-
Affiliations: Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa, Paediatric Clinic, Aliveri, 34500 Island of Euboea, Greece, Department of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece - Published online on: June 9, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1631
- Article Number: 48
-
Copyright: © Kramvis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
 |
|
Blumberg BS: Hepatitis B: The hunt for a killer vaccine. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. | |
|
Alter HJ and Blumberg BS: Further studies on a ‘new’ human isoprecipitin system (Australia antigen). Blood. 27:297–309. 1966.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Prince AM: Relation of Australia and SH antigens. Lancet. 2:462–463. 1968.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
MacCallum FO: Early studies of viral hepatitis. Br Med Bull. 28:105–108. 1972.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
MacCallum FO: Hepatitis. Am J Dis Child. 123:332–335. 1972.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
MacCallum FO: 1971 International symposium on viral hepatitis. Historical perspectives. Can Med Assoc J. 106(Spec Issue): (Suppl):S423–S426. 1972.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dane DS, Cameron CH and Briggs M: Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis. Lancet. 1:695–698. 1970.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Gerlich WH: Medical virology of hepatitis B: How it began and where we are now. Virol J. 10(239)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Krugman S, Giles JP and Hammond J: Viral hepatitis, type B (MS-2 strain). Studies on active immunization. JAMA. 217:41–45. 1971.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Purcell RH and Gerin JL: Hepatitis B subunit vaccine: A preliminary report of safety and efficacy tests in chimpanzees. Am J Med Sci. 270:395–399. 1975.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hilleman MR, Buynak EB, Roehm RR, Tytell AA, Bertland AU and Lampson GP: Purified and inactivated human hepatitis B vaccine: Progress report. Am J Med Sci. 270:401–404. 1975.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Buynak EB, Roehm RR, Tytell AA, Bertland AU II, Lampson GP and Hilleman MR: Development and chimpanzee testing of a vaccine against human hepatitis B. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 151:694–700. 1976.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, Zang EA, Oleszko WR, William DC, Sadovsky R, Morrison JM and Kellner A: Hepatitis B vaccine: Demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States. N Engl J Med. 303:833–841. 1980.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Gerlich WH: Prophylactic vaccination against hepatitis B: Achievements, challenges and perspectives. Med Microbiol Immunol. 204:39–55. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chen DS, Hsu NH, Sung JL, Hsu TC, Hsu ST, Kuo YT, Lo KJ and Shih YT: A mass vaccination program in Taiwan against hepatitis B virus infection in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. JAMA. 257:2597–2603. 1987.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Whittle HC, Inskip H, Hall AJ, Mendy M, Downes R and Hoare S: Vaccination against hepatitis B and protection against chronic viral carriage in The Gambia. Lancet. 337:747–750. 1991.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
The Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study The Gambia Hepatitis Study Group. Cancer Res. 47:5782–5787. 1987.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Shepard CW, Simard EP, Finelli L, Fiore AE and Bell BP: Hepatitis B virus infection: Epidemiology and vaccination. Epidemiol Rev. 28:112–125. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kane MA: Status of hepatitis B immunization programmes in 1998. Vaccine. 16 (Suppl):S104–S108. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Komatsu H: Hepatitis B virus: Where do we stand and what is the next step for eradication? World J Gastroenterol. 20:8998–9016. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Pasek M, Goto T, Gilbert W, Zink B, Schaller H, MacKay P, Leadbetter G and Murray K: Hepatitis B virus genes and their expression in E. coli. Nature. 282:575–579. 1979.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Valenzuela P, Gray P, Quiroga M, Zaldivar J, Goodman HM and Rutter WJ: Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the major protein of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Nature. 280:815–819. 1979.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Charnay P, Pourcel C, Louise A, Fritsch A and Tiollais P: Cloning in Escherichia coli and physical structure of hepatitis B virion DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 76:2222–2226. 1979.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Valenzuela P, Medina A, Rutter WJ, Ammerer G and Hall BD: Synthesis and assembly of hepatitis B virus surface antigen particles in yeast. Nature. 298:347–350. 1982.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Harford N, Cabezon T, Crabeel M, Simoen E, Rutgers A and De Wilde M: Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in yeast. Dev Biol Stand. 54:125–130. 1983.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Poovorawan Y, Sanpavat S, Pongpunlert W, Chumdermpadetsuk S, Sentrakul P and Safary A: Protective efficacy of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in neonates of HBe antigen-positive mothers. JAMA. 261:3278–3281. 1989.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
McGregor A: WHO: World Health Assembly. Lancet. 339(1287)1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zanetti AR, Van Damme P and Shouval D: The global impact of vaccination against hepatitis B: A historical overview. Vaccine. 26:6266–6273. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Gerlich WH, Glebe D, Kramvis A and Magnius LO: Peculiarities in the designations of hepatitis B virus genes, their products, and their antigenic specificities: A potential source of misunderstandings. Virus Genes. 56:109–119. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Immunization Coverage. WHO, Geneva, 2023. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage. Accessed Oct 10, 2022. | |
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Interim guidance for country validation of viral hepatitis elimination. WHO, Geneva, 2021. Accessed Oct 10, 2022. | |
|
Goldstein ST, Zhou F, Hadler SC, Bell BP, Mast EE and Margolis HS: A mathematical model to estimate global hepatitis B disease burden and vaccination impact. Int J Epidemiol. 34:1329–1339. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nayagam S, Thursz M, Sicuri E, Conteh L, Wiktor S, Low-Beer D and Hallett TB: Requirements for global elimination of hepatitis B: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 16:1399–1408. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hoofnagle JH, Doo E, Liang TJ, Fleischer R and Lok AS: Management of hepatitis B: Summary of a clinical research workshop. Hepatology. 45:1056–1075. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
McMahon BJ: The natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Semin Liver Dis. 24 (Suppl 1):S17–S21. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Marion SA, Tomm Pastore M, Pi DW and Mathias RG: Long-term follow-up of hepatitis B vaccine in infants of carrier mothers. Am J Epidemiol. 140:734–746. 1994.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper - July 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 92:369–392. 2017.PubMed/NCBI(In English, French). | |
|
Are booster immunisations needed for lifelong hepatitis B immunity? European Consensus Group on Hepatitis B Immunity. Lancet. 355:561–565. 2000.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Niu MT, Rhodes P, Salive M, Lively T, Davis DM, Black S, Shinefield H, Chen RT and Ellenberg SS: Comparative safety of two recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in children: Data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). J Clin Epidemiol. 51:503–510. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
McMahon BJ, Helminiak C, Wainwright RB, Bulkow L, Trimble BA and Wainwright K: Frequency of adverse reactions to hepatitis B vaccine in 43,618 persons. Am J Med. 92:254–256. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lewis E, Shinefield HR, Woodruff BA, Black SB, Destefano F, Chen RT and Ensor R: Vaccine Safety Datalink Workgroup. Safety of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine administration. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 20:1049–1054. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Liu Y, Zhang M, Yang M and Chen Q: Adverse Events of Vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus in Post-Marketing Surveillance from 2005 to 2017 in Guangdong Province, China. Vaccines (Basel). 10(1087)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Niu MT, Salive ME and Ellenberg SS: Neonatal deaths after hepatitis B vaccine: The vaccine adverse event reporting system, 1991-1998. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 153:1279–1282. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Eriksen EM, Perlman JA, Miller A, Marcy SM, Lee H, Vadheim C, Zangwill KM, Chen RT, DeStefano F, Lewis E, et al: Lack of association between hepatitis B birth immunization and neonatal death: A population-based study from the vaccine safety datalink project. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 23:656–662. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
DeStefano F, Mullooly JP, Okoro CA, Chen RT, Marcy SM, Ward JI, Vadheim CM, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Davis RL, et al: Childhood vaccinations, vaccination timing, and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics. 108(E112)2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
DeStefano F, Verstraeten T, Jackson LA, Okoro CA, Benson P, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Mullooly JP, Likosky W, Chen RT, et al: Vaccinations and risk of central nervous system demyelinating diseases in adults. Arch Neurol. 60:504–509. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Duclos P: Safety of immunisation and adverse events following vaccination against hepatitis B. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2:225–231. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hernan MA, Jick SS, Olek MJ and Jick H: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the risk of multiple sclerosis: A prospective study. Neurology. 63:838–842. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sestili C, Grazina I and La Torre G: HBV vaccine and risk of developing multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 17:2273–2278. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Schillie S, Vellozzi C, Reingold A, Harris A, Haber P, Ward JW and Nelson NP: Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 67:1–31. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Obando-Pacheco P, Rivero-Calle I, Gómez-Rial J, Rodríguez-Tenreiro Sánchez C and Martinón-Torres F: New perspectives for hexavalent vaccines. Vaccine. 36:5485–5494. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Maman K, Zöllner Y, Greco D, Duru G, Sendyona S and Remy V: The value of childhood combination vaccines: From beliefs to evidence. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 11:2132–2141. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Jack AD, Hall AJ, Maine N, Mendy M and Whittle HC: What level of hepatitis B antibody is protective? J Infect Dis. 179:489–492. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Dentinger CM, McMahon BJ, Butler JC, Dunaway CE, Zanis CL, Bulkow LR, Bruden DL, Nainan OV, Khristova ML, Hennessy TW and Parkinson AJ: Persistence of antibody to hepatitis B and protection from disease among Alaska natives immunized at birth. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 24:786–792. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hammitt LL, Hennessy TW, Fiore AE, Zanis C, Hummel KB, Dunaway E, Bulkow L and McMahon BJ: Hepatitis B immunity in children vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine beginning at birth: A follow-up study at 15 years. Vaccine. 25:6958–6964. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Samandari T, Fiore AE, Negus S, Williams JL, Kuhnert W, McMahon BJ and Bell BP: Differences in response to a hepatitis B vaccine booster dose among Alaskan children and adolescents vaccinated during infancy. Pediatrics. 120:e373–e381. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
McMahon BJ, Dentinger CM, Bruden D, Zanis C, Peters H, Hurlburt D, Bulkow L, Fiore AE, Bell BP and Hennessy TW: Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccine: Results of a 22-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose. J Infect Dis. 200:1390–1396. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Funderburke PL and Spencer L: Hepatitis B immunity in high risk health care workers. Seven years post vaccination. AAOHN J. 48:325–330. 2000.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
McMahon BJ, Bruden DL, Petersen KM, Bulkow LR, Parkinson AJ, Nainan O, Khristova M, Zanis C, Peters H and Margolis HS: Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccination: Results of a 15-year follow-up. Ann Intern Med. 142:333–341. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Spradling PR, Williams RE, Xing J, Soyemi K and Towers J: Serologic testing for protection against hepatitis B virus infection among students at a health sciences university in the United States. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 33:732–736. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Stevens CE, Toy PT, Taylor PE, Lee T and Yip HY: Prospects for control of hepatitis B virus infection: Implications of childhood vaccination and long-term protection. Pediatrics. 90 (1 Pt 2):170–173. 1992.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Watson B, West DJ, Chilkatowsky A, Piercy S and Ioli VA: Persistence of immunologic memory for 13 years in recipients of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine. 19:3164–3168. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Williams JL, Christensen CJ, McMahon BJ, Bulkow LR, Cagle HH, Mayers JS, Zanis CL, Parkinson AJ and Margolis HS: Evaluation of the response to a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine in previously immunized healthcare workers. Vaccine. 19:4081–4085. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, Toomey M, Townshend-Bulson L, Rudolph K, Bulkow L, et al: Antibody Levels and Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results of a 30-Year Follow-up Study and Response to a Booster Dose. J Infect Dis. 214:16–22. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Simons BC, Spradling PR, Bruden DJ, Zanis C, Case S, Choromanski TL, Apodaca M, Brogdon HD, Dwyer G, Snowball M, et al: A Longitudinal Hepatitis B vaccine cohort demonstrates long-lasting hepatitis B Virus (HBV) cellular immunity despite loss of antibody against HBV surface antigen. J Infect Dis. 214:273–280. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Leuridan E and Van Damme P: Hepatitis B and the need for a booster dose. Clin Infect Dis. 53:68–75. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Stramer SL, Wend U, Candotti D, Foster GA, Hollinger FB, Dodd RY, Allain JP and Gerlich W: Nucleic acid testing to detect HBV infection in blood donors. N Engl J Med,. 364:236–247. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Tosti ME, Alfonsi V, Lacorte E, Mele A, Galli C, Zanetti AR and Romanò L: SEIEVA Collaborating Group. Acute Hepatitis B After the Implementation of Universal Vaccination in Italy: Results from 22 years of surveillance (1993-2014). Clin Infect Dis. 62:1412–1418. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Stevens CE, Lin CC, Hsieh FJ, Wang KY, Sun TS and Szmuness W: Efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin for prevention of perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus carrier state: Final report of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology. 3:135–141. 1983.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH and Gluud C: Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (2)(CD004790)2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection. WHO, Geneva, 2015. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/154590. Accessed Oct 10, 2022. | |
|
Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board (VHPB): Prevention and control of hepatitis B with combined vaccines and timely birth dose vaccination: Hanoi, Vietnam. VHPB, Belgium, 2018. Accessed Oct 10, 2022. | |
|
Kramvis A: Challenges for hepatitis B virus cure in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 15:185–192. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Hepatitis B vaccination coverage. WHO, Geneva, 2023. Accessed Oct 10, 2022. | |
|
Spearman CW, Sonderup MW, Botha JF, van der Merwe SW, Song E, Kassianides C, Newton KA and Hairwadzi HN: Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa. South African guideline for the management of chronic hepatitis B: 2013. S Afr Med J. 103 (5 Pt 2):337–349. 2013.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Amponsah-Dacosta E, Lebelo RL, Rakgole JN, Burnett RJ, Selabe SG and Mphahlele MJ: Evidence for a change in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection after nearly two decades of universal hepatitis B vaccination in South Africa. J Med Virol. 86:918–924. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Tsebe KV, Burnett RJ, Hlungwani NP, Sibara MM, Venter PA and Mphahlele MJ: The first five years of universal hepatitis B vaccination in South Africa: Evidence for elimination of HBsAg carriage in under 5-year-olds. Vaccine. 19:3919–3926. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Burnett RJ, Kramvis A, Dochez C and Meheus A: An update after 16 years of hepatitis B vaccination in South Africa. Vaccine. 30 (Suppl 3):C45–C51. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Maepa MB, Ely A, Kramvis A, Bloom K, Naidoo K, Simani OE, Maponga TG and Arbuthnot P: Hepatitis B Virus Research in South Africa. Viruses. 14(1939)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chang MH: Decreasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among children following universal hepatitis B immunization. Liver Int. 23:309–314. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chang MH, You SL, Chen CJ, Liu CJ, Lee CM, Lin SM, Chu HC, Wu TC, Yang SS, Kuo HS, et al: Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccinees: A 20-year follow-up study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 101:1348–1355. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chang MH, Chen TH, Hsu HM, Wu TC, Kong MS, Liang DC, Ni YH, Chen CJ and Chen DS: Taiwan Childhood HCC Study Group. Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma by universal vaccination against hepatitis B virus: The effect and problems. Clin Cancer Res. 11:7953–7957. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
McMahon BJ, Bulkow LR, Singleton RJ, Williams J, Snowball M, Homan C and Parkinson AJ: Elimination of hepatocellular carcinoma and acute hepatitis B in children 25 years after a hepatitis B newborn and catch-up immunization program. Hepatology. 54:801–807. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Prozesky OW, Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Kew MC, Harley EJ, Hoyland JA, Scholtz JE, Mitchell AD, Shabangu A, Kunene E, et al: Baseline epidemiological studies for a hepatitis B vaccine trial in Kangwane. S Afr Med J. 64:891–893. 1983.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Prozesky OW, Stevens CE, Szmuness W, Rolka H, Harley EJ, Kew MC, Scholtz JE and Mitchell AD: Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in newborns. J Infect. 7 (Suppl 1):S53–S55. 1983.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing: Data Portal. WHO, Geneva, 2023. Accessed Oct 10, 2022. | |
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Global Hepatitis Report 2017. WHO, Geneva, 2023. Accessed Oct 10, 2022. |
