Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
October-2025 Volume 23 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2025 Volume 23 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xi Chen
    • Jin-Zhou Yang
    • Ling-Yue Kong
    • Zhi-Yu Li
    • Feng Tang
    • Zhi-Qiang Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Brain Glioma Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China, Brain Glioma Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 167
    |
    Published online on: August 19, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2045
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Epilepsy is a frequently occurring complication in patients with gliomas that substantially impairs their quality of life. The onset of epilepsy in patients with gliomas is driven by multiple mechanisms, including tumour‑induced compression of the peripheral neural network, the release of neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors by tumour cells, alterations in the tumour microenvironment, and changes in gene expression. Collectively, these factors contribute to the abnormal excitability of local neurons, ultimately triggering seizures. Seizures occur in approximately 30 to 90% of patients with glioma, with a higher incidence observed in those with low‑grade gliomas. The type and frequency of seizures are closely associated with tumour characteristics, such as tumour type, location, and growth rate. The current treatment strategies for glioma‑related epilepsy (GRE) primarily involve antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and tumour‑directed therapies. While AEDs are effective in managing seizures, they show limited efficacy in some patients. Efforts have increasingly focused on identifying biomarkers and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying GRE, with the aim of developing more targeted and effective treatment approaches. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in GRE research.
View Figures

Figure 1

Underlying mechanisms in GRE. The
mechanisms underlying GRE are multifactorial and involve
tumour-related changes and the TME. (A) GRE is affected by the
tumour characteristics, including its location, size, and growth
rate. (B) Gliomas disrupt the BBB and cause neuroinflammation to
induce seizures. (C) Excitation-inhibition imbalance of glutamate
and GABA in the TME induces neuronal excitation and seizures. (D)
Abnormal Na+ and K+ concentrations in the TME
reduce seizure thresholds. (E) The aberrant expression of enzymes
and proteins in the TME drives GRE through changes in the
surrounding neuronal environment. (F) Gliomas can form neurogliomal
synapses, promote excitatory synapses and hyperexcitable circuit
formation, thereby mediating seizures. GRE, glioma-related
epilepsy; TME, tumour microenvironment; BBB, blood-brain barrier;
VGLUT, vesicular glutamate transporter; EAAT, excitatory amino acid
transporter; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate;
BCAA, branched-chain amino acids; BCAT1, branched chain amino acid
transaminase 1; SLC7A11/xCT, solute carrier family 7 member 11;
GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; GAT, GABA transporter; NKCC1,
Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter 1;
KCC2, K+-Cl- co-transporter 2; PTEN,
phosphatase and tensin homologue; TP53, tumour protein 53; NF1,
neurofibromin 1; MGMT, methylguanine methyltransferase; ADK,
adenosine kinase; ADA, adenosine deaminase; IDHmut, IDH-mutated;
D-2HG, D-2-hydroxyglutarate; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.
The figure was created using BioRender (https://www.biorender.com/).
View References

1 

Lange F, Hörnschemeyer J and Kirschstein T: Glutamatergic mechanisms in glioblastoma and tumor-associated epilepsy. Cells. 10(1226)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Zhao K, Gu J and Zhao B: The effect of epilepsy on anxiety, depression, as well as prognostic value among adult low-grade gliomas patients. Brain Res. 1863(149737)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Liang S, Fan X, Zhao M, Shan X, Li W, Ding P, You G, Hong Z, Yang X, Luan G, et al: Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of adult diffuse glioma-related epilepsy. Cancer Med. 8:4527–4535. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Pallud J and McKhann GM: Diffuse low-grade glioma-related epilepsy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 30:43–54. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Du Y, Li R, Fu D, Zhang B, Cui A, Shao Y, Lai Z, Chen R, Chen B, Wang Z, et al: Multi-omics technologies and molecular biomarkers in brain tumor-related epilepsy. CNS Neurosci Ther. 30(e14717)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Radin DP and Tsirka SE: Interactions between tumor cells, neurons, and microglia in the glioma microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci. 21(8476)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Pallud J, Roux A, Moiraghi A, Aboubakr O, Elia A, Guinard E, Oppenheim C, Tauziede-Espariat A, Parraga E, Gavaret M, et al: Characteristics and prognosis of tumor-related epilepsy during tumor evolution in patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma. Neurology. 102(e207902)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Goldstein ED and Feyissa AM: Brain tumor related-epilepsy. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 52:436–447. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

van der Meer PB, Taphoorn MJB and Koekkoek JAF: Management of epilepsy in brain tumor patients. Curr Opin Oncol. 34:685–690. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Zoccarato M, Nardetto L, Basile AM, Giometto B, Zagonel V and Lombardi G: Seizures, edema, thrombosis, and hemorrhages: An update review on the medical management of gliomas. Front Oncol. 11(617966)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

van Breemen MS, Wilms EB and Vecht CJ: Epilepsy in patients with brain tumours: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and management. Lancet Neurol. 6:421–430. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Kerkhof M and Vecht CJ: Seizure characteristics and prognostic factors of gliomas. Epilepsia. 54 (Suppl 9):S12–S17. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

van Breemen MS, Rijsman RM, Taphoorn MJ, Walchenbach R, Zwinkels H and Vecht CJ: Efficacy of anti-epileptic drugs in patients with gliomas and seizures. J Neurol. 256:1519–1526. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Yang Y, Mao Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Mao Y, Zhou Q and Luo J: An analysis of 170 glioma patients and systematic review to investigate the association between IDH-1 mutations and preoperative glioma-related epilepsy. J Clin Neurosci. 31:56–62. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Knudsen-Baas KM, Power KN, Engelsen BA, Hegrestad SE, Gilhus NE and Storstein AM: Status epilepticus secondary to glioma. Seizure. 40:76–80. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Fernández-Torre JL, Hernández-Hernández M, Martino J and Hinojo C: Subclinical focal seizures as a sign of progression in gliomas. Epileptic Disord. 16:546–553. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Mastall M, Wolpert F, Gramatzki D, Imbach L, Becker D, Schmick A, Hertler C, Roth P, Weller M and Wirsching HG: Survival of brain tumour patients with epilepsy. Brain. 144:3322–3327. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Debinski W: Gliomas. Exon Publications, Brisbane, 2021.

19 

Cavaliere R, Farace E and Schiff D: Clinical implications of status epilepticus in patients with neoplasms. Arch Neurol. 63:1746–1749. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Fisher RS, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P and Engel J Jr: Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: Definitions proposed by the International league against epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 46:470–472. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Kurokawa R, Baba A, Emile P, Kurokawa M, Ota Y, Kim J, Capizzano A, Srinivasan A and Moritani T: Neuroimaging features of angiocentric glioma: A case series and systematic review. J Neuroimaging. 32:389–399. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Li Y, Shan X, Wu Z, Wang Y, Ling M and Fan X: IDH1 mutation is associated with a higher preoperative seizure incidence in low-grade glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure. 55:76–82. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Zhong Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, You G and Jiang T: IDH1/2 mutation is associated with seizure as an initial symptom in low-grade glioma: A report of 311 Chinese adult glioma patients. Epilepsy Res. 109:100–105. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Nobusawa S, Watanabe T, Kleihues P and Ohgaki H: IDH1 mutations as molecular signature and predictive factor of secondary glioblastomas. Clin Cancer Res. 15:6002–6007. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Bhandari AP, Liong R, Koppen J, Murthy SV and Lasocki A: Noninvasive determination of IDH and 1p19q status of lower-grade gliomas using MRI Radiomics: A systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 42:94–101. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Gao A, Yang H, Wang Y, Zhao G, Wang C, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Yang G and Bai J: Radiomics for the prediction of epilepsy in patients with frontal glioma. Front Oncol. 11(725926)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Jie B, Hongxi Y, Ankang G, Yida W, Guohua Z, Xiaoyue M, Chenglong W, Haijie W, Xiaonan Z, Guang Y, et al: Radiomics nomogram improves the prediction of epilepsy in patients with gliomas. Front Oncol. 12(856359)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Wang Y, Gao A, Yang H, Bai J, Zhao G, Zhang H, Song Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Cheng J and Yang G: Using partially shared radiomics features to simultaneously identify isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status and epilepsy in glioma patients from MRI images. Sci Rep. 15(3591)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Armstrong TS, Grant R, Gilbert MR, Lee JW and Norden AD: Epilepsy in glioma patients: mechanisms, management, and impact of anticonvulsant therapy. Neuro Oncol. 18:779–789. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Hauff NS and Storstein A: Seizure management and prophylaxis considerations in patients with brain tumors. Curr Oncol Rep. 25:787–792. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Sirven JI, Wingerchuk DM, Drazkowski JF, Lyons MK and Zimmerman RS: Seizure prophylaxis in patients with brain tumors: A meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 79:1489–1494. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Englot DJ, Chang EF and Vecht CJ: Epilepsy and brain tumors. Handb Clin Neurol. 134:267–285. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Chen DY, Chen CC, Crawford JR and Wang SG: Tumor-related epilepsy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. J Neurooncol. 139:13–21. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Westermark A, Fahlström M, Mirza S, Zetterling M, Kumlien E and Latini F: Subcortical brain regions associated with seizure risk in patients with IDH mutated diffuse gliomas. Brain Behav. 15(e70477)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

John Lin CC, Yu K, Hatcher A, Huang TW, Lee HK, Carlson J, Weston MC, Chen F, Zhang Y, Zhu W, et al: Identification of diverse astrocyte populations and their malignant analogs. Nat Neurosci. 20:396–405. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Yang P, Liang T, Zhang C, Cai J, Zhang W, Chen B, Qiu X, Yao K, Li G, Wang H, et al: Clinicopathological factors predictive of postoperative seizures in patients with gliomas. Seizure. 35:93–99. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Hills KE, Kostarelos K and Wykes RC: Converging mechanisms of epileptogenesis and their insight in glioblastoma. Front Mol Neurosci. 15(903115)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Seidel S, Wehner T, Miller D, Wellmer J, Schlegel U and Grönheit W: Brain tumor related epilepsy: Pathophysiological approaches and rational management of antiseizure medication. Neurol Res Pract. 4(45)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Bartos LM, Quach S, Zenatti V, Kirchleitner SV, Blobner J, Wind-Mark K, Kolabas ZI, Ulukaya S, Holzgreve A, Ruf VC, et al: Remote neuroinflammation in newly diagnosed glioblastoma correlates with unfavorable clinical outcome. Clin Cancer Res. 30:4618–4634. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Hong DS, Angelo LS and Kurzrock R: Interleukin-6 and its receptor in cancer: Implications for translational therapeutics. Cancer. 110:1911–1128. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Shan Y, He X, Song W, Han D, Niu J and Wang J: Role of IL-6 in the invasiveness and prognosis of glioma. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:9114–9120. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Cao F, Zhang Q, Chen W, Han C, He Y, Ran Q and Yao S: IL-6 increases SDCBP expression, cell proliferation, and cell invasion by activating JAK2/STAT3 in human glioma cells. Am J Transl Res. 9:4617–4626. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Alapirtti T, Lehtimäki K, Nieminen R, Mäkinen R, Raitanen J, Moilanen E, Mäkinen J and Peltola J: The production of IL-6 in acute epileptic seizure: A video-EEG study. J Neuroimmunol. 316:50–55. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

M Taalab Y, Mohammed WF, Helmy MA, Othman AAA, Darwish M, Hassan I and Abbas M: Cannabis influences the putative cytokines-related pathway of epilepsy among egyptian epileptic patients. Brain Sci. 9(332)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Zhang Q, Tuerxun N and Tuerxun S: IL-6 is associated with poor seizure control in low-grade glioma patients undergoing primary resection. iScience. 27(110267)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Cobbs CS, Harkins L, Samanta M, Gillespie GY, Bharara S, King PH, Nabors LB, Cobbs CG and Britt WJ: Human cytomegalovirus infection and expression in human malignant glioma. Cancer Res. 62:3347–3350. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

47 

Rahbar A, Stragliotto G, Orrego A, Peredo I, Taher C, Willems J and Söderberg-Naucler C: Low levels of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Glioblastoma multiforme associates with patient survival; -a case-control study. Herpesviridae. 3(3)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Rahbar A, Orrego A, Peredo I, Dzabic M, Wolmer-Solberg N, Strååt K, Stragliotto G and Söderberg-Nauclér C: Human cytomegalovirus infection levels in glioblastoma multiforme are of prognostic value for survival. J Clin Virol. 57:36–42. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Pantalone MR, Rahbar A, Söderberg-Naucler C and Stragliotto G: Valganciclovir as Add-on to Second-Line therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel). 14(1958)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Stragliotto G, Pantalone MR, Rahbar A, Bartek J and Söderberg-Naucler C: Valganciclovir as add-on to standard therapy in glioblastoma patients. Clin Cancer Res. 26:4031–4039. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Stragliotto G, Pantalone MR, Rahbar A and Söderberg-Nauclér C: Valganciclovir as add-on to standard therapy in secondary glioblastoma. Microorganisms. 8(1471)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

De la Cerda-Vargas MF, Pantalone MR, Söderberg Nauclér C, Medrano-Guzman R, Jauregui Renaud K, Nettel Rueda B, Reynoso-Sanchez MJ, Lopez-Quintana B, Rodriguez-Florido MA, Feria-Romero IA, et al: Focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures and High-grade CMV-infection are poor survival predictors in Tumor-related Epilepsy Adult-type diffuse gliomas-A single-center study and literature review. Heliyon. 10(e28555)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Yuen TI, Morokoff AP, Bjorksten A, D'Abaco G, Paradiso L, Finch S, Wong D, Reid CA, Powell KL, Drummond KJ, et al: Glutamate is associated with a higher risk of seizures in patients with gliomas. Neurology. 79:883–889. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Dahlmanns M, Dahlmanns JK, Savaskan N, Steiner HH and Yakubov E: Glial Glutamate Transporter-Mediated Plasticity: System xc-/xCT/SLC7A11 and EAAT1/2 in Brain Diseases. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 28(57)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Sørensen MF, Heimisdóttir SB, Sørensen MD, Mellegaard CS, Wohlleben H, Kristensen BW and Beier CP: High expression of cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11) is an independent biomarker for epileptic seizures at diagnosis in glioma. J Neurooncol. 138:49–53. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Tönjes M, Barbus S, Park YJ, Wang W, Schlotter M, Lindroth AM, Pleier SV, Bai AHC, Karra D, Piro RM, et al: BCAT1 promotes cell proliferation through amino acid catabolism in gliomas carrying wild-type IDH1. Nat Med. 19:901–908. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Zhang B, Chen Y, Shi X, Zhou M, Bao L, Hatanpaa KJ, Patel T, DeBerardinis RJ, Wang Y and Luo W: Regulation of branched-chain amino acid metabolism by hypoxia-inducible factor in glioblastoma. Cell Mol Life Sci. 78:195–206. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Ishiuchi S, Tsuzuki K, Yoshida Y, Yamada N, Hagimura N, Okado H, Miwa A, Kurihara H, Nakazato Y, Tamura M, et al: Blockage of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors suppresses migration and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Nat Med. 8:971–978. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Liu QS, Xu Q, Arcuino G, Kang J and Nedergaard M: Astrocyte-mediated activation of neuronal kainate receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:3172–3177. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Gao X, Wang H, Cai S, Saadatzadeh MR, Hanenberg H, Pollok KE, Cohen-Gadol AA and Chen J: Phosphorylation of NMDA 2B at S1303 in human glioma peritumoral tissue: implications for glioma epileptogenesis. Neurosurg Focus. 37(E17)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

61 

Wirsching HG, Silginer M, Ventura E, Macnair W, Burghardt I, Claassen M, Gatti S, Wichmann J, Riemer C, Schneider H and Weller M: Negative allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 target the stem-like phenotype of glioblastoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 20:166–174. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Ciceroni C, Bonelli M, Mastrantoni E, Niccolini C, Laurenza M, Larocca LM, Pallini R, Traficante A, Spinsanti P, Ricci-Vitiani L, et al: Type-3 metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate chemoresistance in glioma stem cells, and their levels are inversely related to survival in patients with malignant gliomas. Cell Death Differ. 20:396–407. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Zhang Z, Zheng X, Luan Y and Liu Y, Li X, Liu C, Lu H, Chen X and Liu Y: Activity of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis with inhibition of Gli-1 in human glioblastoma cells. Front Neurosci. 12(320)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

64 

Campbell SL, Robel S, Cuddapah VA, Robert S, Buckingham SC, Kahle KT and Sontheimer H: GABAergic disinhibition and impaired KCC2 cotransporter activity underlie tumor-associated epilepsy. Glia. 63:23–36. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

65 

Conti L, Palma E, Roseti C, Lauro C, Cipriani R, de Groot M, Aronica E and Limatola C: Anomalous levels of Cl-transporters cause a decrease of GABAergic inhibition in human peritumoral epileptic cortex. Epilepsia. 52:1635–1644. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

66 

Pallud J, Le Van Quyen M, Bielle F, Pellegrino C, Varlet P, Cresto N, Baulac M, Duyckaerts C, Kourdougli N, Chazal G, et al: Cortical GABAergic excitation contributes to epileptic activities around human glioma. Sci Transl Med. 6(244ra89)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

67 

Elias AF, Lin BC and Piggott BJ: Ion Channels in Gliomas-From Molecular Basis to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 24(2530)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

68 

Curry RN, Aiba I, Meyer J, Lozzi B, Ko Y, McDonald MF, Rosenbaum A, Cervantes A, Huang-Hobbs E, Cocito C, et al: Glioma epileptiform activity and progression are driven by IGSF3-mediated potassium dysregulation. Neuron. 111:682–695.e9. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

69 

Chen H, Judkins J, Thomas C, Wu M, Khoury L, Benjamin CG, Pacione D, Golfinos JG, Kumthekar P, Ghamsari F, et al: Mutant IDH1 and seizures in patients with glioma. Neurology. 88:1805–1813. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

70 

Neal A, Kwan P, O'Brien TJ, Buckland ME, Gonzales M and Morokoff A: IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in postoperative diffuse glioma-associated epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 78:30–36. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

71 

Stockhammer F, Misch M, Helms HJ, Lengler U, Prall F, von Deimling A and Hartmann C: IDH1/2 mutations in WHO grade II astrocytomas associated with localization and seizure as the initial symptom. Seizure. 21:194–197. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

72 

Snijders TJ, Berendsen S, Seute T and Robe PA: Glioma-associated epilepsy: Toward mechanism-based treatment. Transl Cancer Res. 6 (Suppl 2):S337–S341. 2017.

73 

You G, Huang L, Yang P, Zhang W, Yan W, Wang Y, Bao Z, Li S, Li S, Li G and Jiang T: Clinical and molecular genetic factors affecting postoperative seizure control of 183 Chinese adult patients with low-grade gliomas. Eur J Neurol. 19:298–306. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

74 

You G, Sha ZY, Yan W, Zhang W, Wang YZ, Li SW, Sang L, Wang Z, Li GL, Li SW, et al: Seizure characteristics and outcomes in 508 Chinese adult patients undergoing primary resection of low-grade gliomas: A clinicopathological study. Neuro Oncol. 14:230–241. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

75 

Feyissa AM, Worrell GA, Tatum WO, Chaichana KL, Jentoft ME, Guerrero Cazares H, Ertekin-Taner N, Rosenfeld SS, ReFaey K and Quinones-Hinojosa A: Potential influence of IDH1 mutation and MGMT gene promoter methylation on glioma-related preoperative seizures and postoperative seizure control. Seizure. 69:283–289. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

76 

Pan SP, Zheng XL, Zhang N, Lin XM, Li KJ, Xia XF, Zou CL and Zhang WY: A novel nomogram for predicting the risk of epilepsy occurrence after operative in gliomas patients without preoperative epilepsy history. Epilepsy Res. 174(106641)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

77 

Yan H, Parsons DW, Jin G, McLendon R, Rasheed BA, Yuan W, Kos I, Batinic-Haberle I, Jones S, Riggins GJ, et al: IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in gliomas. N Engl J Med. 360:765–773. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

78 

Hartmann C, Meyer J, Balss J, Capper D, Mueller W, Christians A, Felsberg J, Wolter M, Mawrin C, Wick W, et al: Type and frequency of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are related to astrocytic and oligodendroglial differentiation and age: A study of 1,010 diffuse gliomas. Acta Neuropathol. 118:469–474. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

79 

Mardis ER, Ding L, Dooling DJ, Larson DE, McLellan MD, Chen K, Koboldt DC, Fulton RS, Delehaunty KD, McGrath SD, et al: Recurring mutations found by sequencing an acute myeloid leukemia genome. N Engl J Med. 361:1058–1066. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

80 

Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Ley TJ, Miller C, Ding L, Raphael BJ, Mungall AJ, Robertson A, Hoadley K, Triche TJ Jr, Laird PW, et al: Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 368:2059–2074. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

81 

Marcucci G, Maharry K, Wu YZ, Radmacher MD, Mrózek K, Margeson D, Holland KB, Whitman SP, Becker H, Schwind S, et al: IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutations identify novel molecular subsets within de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol. 28:2348–2355. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

82 

Soeung V, Puchalski RB and Noebels JL: The complex molecular epileptogenesis landscape of glioblastoma. Cell Rep Med. 5(101691)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

83 

Drumm MR, Wang W, Sears TK, Bell-Burdett K, Javier R, Cotton KY, Webb B, Byrne K, Unruh D, Thirunavu V, et al: Postoperative risk of IDH-mutant glioma-associated seizures and their potential management with IDH-mutant inhibitors. J Clin Invest. 133(e168035)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

84 

van Opijnen MP, Tesileanu CMS, Dirven L, van der Meer PB, Wijnenga MMJ, Vincent AJPE, Broekman MLD, Dubbink HJ, Kros JM, van Duinen SG, et al: IDH1/2 wildtype gliomas grade 2 and 3 with molecular glioblastoma-like profile have a distinct course of epilepsy compared to IDH1/2 wildtype glioblastomas. Neuro Oncol. 25:701–709. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

85 

Tang T, Wang Y, Dai Y, Liu Q, Fan X, Cheng Y, Tang J, Xiao X, Shan Y, Wei P and Zhao G: IDH1 mutation predicts seizure occurrence and prognosis in lower-grade glioma adults. Pathol Res Pract. 254(155165)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

86 

Skardelly M, Brendle E, Noell S, Behling F, Wuttke TV, Schittenhelm J, Bisdas S, Meisner C, Rona S, Tatagiba MS and Tabatabai G: Predictors of preoperative and early postoperative seizures in patients with intra-axial primary and metastatic brain tumors: A retrospective observational single center study. Ann Neurol. 78:917–928. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

87 

Song L, Quan X, Chen C, Chen L and Zhou J: Correlation between tumor molecular markers and perioperative epilepsy in patients with glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 12(692751)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

88 

Shen S, Bai Y, Zhang B, Liu T, Yu X and Feng S: Correlation of preoperative seizures with a wide range of tumor molecular markers in gliomas: An analysis of 442 glioma patients from China. Epilepsy Res. 166(106430)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

89 

Bruno F, Pellerino A, Conti Nibali M, Pronello E, Cofano F, Rossi M, Levis M, Bertero L, Soffietti R, Cassoni P, et al: Association of clinical, tumor, and treatment characteristics with seizure control in patients with IDH1/2-Mutant Lower-Grade Glioma. Neurology. 102(e209352)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

90 

McAfee D, Moyer M, Queen J, Mortazavi A, Boddeti U, Bachani M, Zaghloul K and Ksendzovsky A: Differential metabolic alterations in IDH1 mutant vs. wildtype glioma cells promote epileptogenesis through distinctive mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci. 17(1288918)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

91 

Nagashima H, Tanaka K, Yamanishi S, Hashiguchi M, Iwahashi H, Uno T, Somiya Y, Komatsu M, Itoh T, Sasaki R and Sasayama T: Association between accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate detected by MR spectroscopy and preoperative seizure in IDH-mutant glioma. J Neurosurg. 142:712–721. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

92 

Kölker S, Pawlak V, Ahlemeyer B, Okun JG, Hörster F, Mayatepek E, Krieglstein J, Hoffmann GF and Köhr G: NMDA receptor activation and respiratory chain complex V inhibition contribute to neurodegeneration in d-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Eur J Neurosci. 16:21–28. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

93 

Junqueira D, Brusque AM, Porciúncula LO, Rotta LN, Frizzo ME, Wyse AT, Wannmacher CM, Souza DO and Wajner M: In vitro effects of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid on glutamate binding, uptake and release in cerebral cortex of rats. J Neurol Sci. 217:189–194. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

94 

Yamamoto HA and Mohanan PV: Effect of alpha-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate on brain mitochondrial DNA damage and seizures induced by kainic acid in mice. Toxicol Lett. 143:115–122. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

95 

Xu W, Yang H, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang P, Kim SH, Ito S, Yang C, Wang P, Xiao MT, et al: Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate is a competitive inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Cancer Cell. 19:17–30. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

96 

Stella M, Baiardi G, Pasquariello S, Sacco F, Dellacasagrande I, Corsaro A, Mattioli F and Barbieri F: Antitumor potential of antiepileptic drugs in human glioblastoma: Pharmacological targets and clinical benefits. Biomedicines. 11(582)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

97 

Winkler F: Understanding epilepsy in IDH-mutated gliomas: Towards a targeted therapy. Neuro Oncol. 24:1436–1437. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

98 

Mortazavi A, Fayed I, Bachani M, Dowdy T, Jahanipour J, Khan A, Owotade J, Walbridge S, Inati SK, Steiner J, et al: IDH-mutated gliomas promote epileptogenesis through d-2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent mTOR hyperactivation. Neuro Oncol. 24:1423–1435. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

99 

Boison D: Role of adenosine in status epilepticus: A potential new target? Epilepsia. 54 (Suppl 6):S20–S22. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

100 

Boison D: Adenosine and seizure termination: Endogenous mechanisms. Epilepsy Curr. 13:35–37. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

101 

Hargus NJ, Jennings C, Perez-Reyes E, Bertram EH and Patel MK: Enhanced actions of adenosine in medial entorhinal cortex layer II stellate neurons in temporal lobe epilepsy are mediated via A(1)-receptor activation. Epilepsia. 53:168–176. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

102 

Świąder MJ, Kotowski J and Łuszczki JJ: Modulation of adenosinergic system and its application for the treatment of epilepsy. Pharmacol Rep. 66:335–342. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

103 

Boison D: Adenosine kinase: Exploitation for therapeutic gain. Pharmacol Rev. 65:906–943. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

104 

Siebel AM, Piato AL, Schaefer IC, Nery LR, Bogo MR and Bonan CD: Antiepileptic drugs prevent changes in adenosine deamination during acute seizure episodes in adult zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 104:20–26. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

105 

de Groot M, Iyer A, Zurolo E, Anink J, Heimans JJ, Boison D, Reijneveld JC and Aronica E: Overexpression of ADK in human astrocytic tumors and peritumoral tissue is related to tumor-associated epilepsy. Epilepsia. 53:58–66. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

106 

Huang J, He Y, Chen M, Du J, Li G, Li S, Liu W and Long X: Adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase expression in human glioma and their correlation with glioma-associated epilepsy. Mol Med Rep. 12:6509–6516. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

107 

Pence S, Erkutlu I, Kurtul N, Bosnak M, Alptekin M and Tan U: Antiepileptogenic effects of glutathione against increased brain ADA in PTZ-induced epilepsy. Int J Neurosci. 119:616–629. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

108 

Shen HY, Sun H, Hanthorn MM, Zhi Z, Lan JQ, Poulsen DJ, Wang RK and Boison D: Overexpression of adenosine kinase in cortical astrocytes and focal neocortical epilepsy in mice. J Neurosurg. 120:628–638. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

109 

Boison D: Adenosine dysfunction and adenosine kinase in epileptogenesis. Open Neurosci J. 4:93–101. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

110 

Wang SI, Puc J, Li J, Bruce JN, Cairns P, Sidransky D and Parsons R: Somatic mutations of PTEN in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res. 57:4183–4186. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

111 

Han F, Hu R, Yang H, Liu J, Sui J, Xiang X, Wang F, Chu L and Song S: PTEN gene mutations correlate to poor prognosis in glioma patients: A meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther. 9:3485–3492. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

112 

Pearson JRD and Regad T: Targeting cellular pathways in glioblastoma multiforme. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2(17040)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

113 

Soomro SH, Ting LR, Qing YY and Ren M: Molecular biology of glioblastoma: Classification and mutational locations. J Pak Med Assoc. 67:1410–1414. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

114 

Szopa W, Burley TA, Kramer-Marek G and Kaspera W: Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in glioblastoma: Current status and future perspectives. Biomed Res Int. 2017(8013575)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

115 

Dittmer D, Pati S, Zambetti G, Chu S, Teresky AK, Moore M, Finlay C and Levine AJ: Gain of function mutations in p53. Nat Genet. 4:42–46. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

116 

Nagpal J, Jamoona A, Gulati ND, Mohan A, Braun A, Murali R and Jhanwar-Uniyal M: Revisiting the role of p53 in primary and secondary glioblastomas. Anticancer Res. 26 (6C):4633–4639. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

117 

Zhang Y, Dube C, Gibert M Jr, Cruickshanks N, Wang B, Coughlan M, Yang Y, Setiady I, Deveau C, Saoud K, et al: The p53 Pathway in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel). 10(297)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

118 

Hatcher A, Yu K, Meyer J, Aiba I, Deneen B and Noebels JL: Pathogenesis of peritumoral hyperexcitability in an immunocompetent CRISPR-based glioblastoma model. J Clin Invest. 130:2286–2300. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

119 

Hu S, Kao HY, Yang T and Wang Y: Early and Bi-hemispheric seizure onset in a rat glioblastoma Multiforme model. Neurosci Lett. 766(136351)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

120 

Endersby R and Baker SJ: PTEN signaling in brain: Neuropathology and tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 27:5416–5430. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

121 

Venkatesan S, Lamfers ML, Dirven CM and Leenstra S: Genetic biomarkers of drug response for small-molecule therapeutics targeting the RTK/Ras/PI3K, p53 or Rb pathway in glioblastoma. CNS Oncol. 5:77–90. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

122 

Nishio S, Morioka T, Hisada K and Fukui M: Temporal lobe epilepsy: A clinicopathological study with special reference to temporal neocortical changes. Neurosurg Rev. 23:84–89. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

123 

Backman SA, Stambolic V, Suzuki A, Haight J, Elia A, Pretorius J, Tsao MS, Shannon P, Bolon B, Ivy GO and Mak TW: Deletion of Pten in mouse brain causes seizures, ataxia and defects in soma size resembling Lhermitte-Duclos disease. Nat Genet. 29:396–403. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

124 

Luikart BW, Schnell E, Washburn EK, Bensen AL, Tovar KR and Westbrook GL: Pten knockdown in vivo increases excitatory drive onto dentate granule cells. J Neurosci. 31:4345–4354. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

125 

Williams MR, DeSpenza T Jr, Li M, Gulledge AT and Luikart BW: Hyperactivity of newborn Pten knock-out neurons results from increased excitatory synaptic drive. J Neurosci. 35:943–959. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

126 

Pun RY, Rolle IJ, Lasarge CL, Hosford BE, Rosen JM, Uhl JD, Schmeltzer SN, Faulkner C, Bronson SL, Murphy BL, et al: Excessive activation of mTOR in postnatally generated granule cells is sufficient to cause epilepsy. Neuron. 75:1022–1034. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

127 

Sabetghadam A, Wu C, Liu J, Zhang L and Reid AY: Increased epileptogenicity in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1. Exp Neurol. 331(113373)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

128 

Sorrentino U, Bellonzi S, Mozzato C, Brasson V, Toldo I, Parrozzani R, Clementi M, Cassina M and Trevisson E: Epilepsy in NF1: Epidemiologic, genetic, and clinical features. A monocentric retrospective study in a cohort of 784 patients. Cancers (Basel). 13(6336)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

129 

Kastenhuber ER and Lowe SW: Putting p53 in Context. Cell. 170:1062–1078. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

130 

Choi BD, Lee DK, Yang JC, Ayinon CM, Lee CK, Maus D, Carter BS, Barker FG, Jones PS, Nahed BV, et al: Receptor tyrosine kinase gene amplification is predictive of intraoperative seizures during glioma resection with functional mapping. J Neurosurg. 132:1017–1023. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

131 

Fredriksson L, Stevenson TK, Su EJ, Ragsdale M, Moore S, Craciun S, Schielke GP, Murphy GG and Lawrence DA: Identification of a neurovascular signaling pathway regulating seizures in mice. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2:722–738. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

132 

Yang P, You G, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yao K and Jiang T: Correlation of preoperative seizures with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in anaplastic gliomas: A report of 198 patients from China. Seizure. 23:844–851. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

133 

Szelényi A, Joksimovic B and Seifert V: Intraoperative risk of seizures associated with transient direct cortical stimulation in patients with symptomatic epilepsy. J Clin Neurophysiol. 24:39–43. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

134 

Tsuchihashi K, Okazaki S, Ohmura M, Ishikawa M, Sampetrean O, Onishi N, Wakimoto H, Yoshikawa M, Seishima R, Iwasaki Y, et al: The EGF receptor promotes the malignant potential of glioma by regulating amino acid transport system xc(-). Cancer Res. 76:2954–2963. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

135 

Morrison RS, Wenzel HJ, Kinoshita Y, Robbins CA, Donehower LA and Schwartzkroin PA: Loss of the p53 tumor suppressor gene protects neurons from kainate-induced cell death. J Neurosci. 16:1337–1345. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

136 

Engel T, Murphy BM, Schindler CK and Henshall DC: Elevated p53 and lower MDM2 expression in hippocampus from patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 77:151–156. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

137 

Toledo M, Sarria-Estrada S, Quintana M, Maldonado X, Martinez-Ricarte F, Rodon J, Auger C, Aizpurua M, Salas-Puig J, Santamarina E and Martinez-Saez E: Epileptic features and survival in glioblastomas presenting with seizures. Epilepsy Res. 130:1–6. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

138 

Suzuki H, Mikuni N, Sugita S, Aoyama T, Yokoyama R, Suzuki Y, Enatsu R, Akiyama Y, Mikami T, Wanibuchi M and Hasegawa T: Molecular aberrations associated with seizure control in diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 60:147–155. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

139 

Zheng H, Ying H, Yan H, Kimmelman AC, Hiller DJ, Chen AJ, Perry SR, Tonon G, Chu GC, Ding Z, et al: p53 and Pten control neural and glioma stem/progenitor cell renewal and differentiation. Nature. 455:1129–1133. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

140 

Fontana L, Tabano S, Bonaparte E, Marfia G, Pesenti C, Falcone R, Augello C, Carlessi N, Silipigni R, Guerneri S, et al: MGMT-methylated alleles are distributed heterogeneously within glioma samples irrespective of IDH status and chromosome 10q deletion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 75:791–800. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

141 

Stichel D, Ebrahimi A, Reuss D, Schrimpf D, Ono T, Shirahata M, Reifenberger G, Weller M, Hänggi D, Wick W, et al: Distribution of EGFR amplification, combined chromosome 7 gain and chromosome 10 loss, and TERT promoter mutation in brain tumors and their potential for the reclassification of IDHwt astrocytoma to glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. 136:793–803. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

142 

Saviuk M, Sleptsova E, Redkin T and Turubanova V: Unexplained causes of glioma-associated epilepsies: A review of theories and an area for research. Cancers (Basel). 15(5539)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

143 

Mortazavi A, Khan AU, Nieblas-Bedolla E, Boddeti U, Bachani M, Ksendzovsky A, Johnson K and Zaghloul KA: Differential gene expression underlying epileptogenicity in patients with gliomas. Neurooncol Adv. 6(vdae103)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

144 

Phabphal K, Kaewborisutsakul A, Leetanaporn K, Choochuen P, Tunthanathip T, Navakanitworakul R and Sangkhathat S: Gene mutations linked to drug-resistant epilepsy in astrocytoma. Front Neurol. 16(1523468)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

145 

Hu F, Ku MC, Markovic D, Dzaye O, Lehnardt S, Synowitz M, Wolf SA and Kettenmann H: Glioma-associated microglial MMP9 expression is upregulated by TLR2 signaling and sensitive to minocycline. Int J Cancer. 135:2569–2578. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

146 

Koyama R, Yamada MK, Fujisawa S, Katoh-Semba R, Matsuki N and Ikegaya Y: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces hyperexcitable reentrant circuits in the dentate gyrus. J Neurosci. 24:7215–7224. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

147 

Young SZ and Bordey A: GABA's control of stem and cancer cell proliferation in adult neural and peripheral niches. Physiology (Bethesda). 24:171–185. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

148 

Rubinov M and Sporns O: Complex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations. Neuroimage. 52:1059–1069. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

149 

Bullmore E and Sporns O: Complex brain networks: Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nat Rev Neurosci. 10:186–198. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

150 

Franaszczuk PJ and Bergey GK: Application of the directed transfer function method to mesial and lateral onset temporal lobe seizures. Brain Topogr. 11:13–21. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

151 

Kramer MA, Kolaczyk ED and Kirsch HE: Emergent network topology at seizure onset in humans. Epilepsy Res. 79:173–186. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

152 

Percha B, Dzakpasu R, Zochowski M and Parent J: Transition from local to global phase synchrony in small world neural network and its possible implications for epilepsy. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 72 (3 Pt 1)(031909)2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

153 

Morgan RJ and Soltesz I: Nonrandom connectivity of the epileptic dentate gyrus predicts a major role for neuronal hubs in seizures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:6179–6184. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

154 

Bartolomei F, Bosma I, Klein M, Baayen JC, Reijneveld JC, Postma TJ, Heimans JJ, van Dijk BW, de Munck JC, de Jongh A, et al: Disturbed functional connectivity in brain tumour patients: Evaluation by graph analysis of synchronization matrices. Clin Neurophysiol. 117:2039–2049. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

155 

Bartolomei F, Bosma I, Klein M, Baayen JC, Reijneveld JC, Postma TJ, Heimans JJ, van Dijk BW, de Munck JC, de Jongh A, et al: How do brain tumors alter functional connectivity? A magnetoencephalography study. Ann Neurol. 59:128–138. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

156 

Douw L, de Groot M, van Dellen E, Aronica E, Heimans JJ, Klein M, Stam CJ, Reijneveld JC and Hillebrand A: Local MEG networks: the missing link between protein expression and epilepsy in glioma patients? Neuroimage. 75:195–203. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

157 

Douw L, van Dellen E, de Groot M, Heimans JJ, Klein M, Stam CJ and Reijneveld JC: Epilepsy is related to theta band brain connectivity and network topology in brain tumor patients. BMC Neurosci. 11(103)2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

158 

You G, Sha Z and Jiang T: Clinical diagnosis and perioperative management of glioma-related epilepsy. Front Oncol. 10(550353)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

159 

Liang S, Fan X, Chen F, Liu Y, Qiu B, Zhang K, Qi S, Zhang G, Liu J, Zhang J, et al: Chinese guideline on the application of anti-seizure medications in the perioperative period of supratentorial craniocerebral surgery. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 15(17562864221114357)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

160 

Ollila L and Roivainen R: Glioma features and seizure control during long-term follow-up. Epilepsy Behav Rep. 21(100586)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

161 

de Bruin ME, van der Meer PB, Dirven L, Taphoorn MJB and Koekkoek JAF: Efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in glioma patients with epilepsy: A systematic review. Neurooncol Pract. 8:501–517. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

162 

Bobustuc GC, Baker CH, Limaye A, Jenkins WD, Pearl G, Avgeropoulos NG and Konduri SD: Levetiracetam enhances p53-mediated MGMT inhibition and sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide. Neuro Oncol. 12:917–927. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

163 

Tabaee Damavandi P, Pasini F, Fanella G, Cereda GS, Mainini G, DiFrancesco JC, Trinka E and Lattanzi S: Perampanel in brain tumor-related epilepsy: A systematic review. Brain Sci. 13(326)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

164 

Rossi J, Cavallieri F, Bassi MC, Biagini G, Rizzi R, Russo M, Bondavalli M, Iaccarino C, Pavesi G, Cozzi S, et al: Efficacy and tolerability of perampanel in brain tumor-related epilepsy: A systematic review. Biomedicines. 11(651)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

165 

Correia CE, Umemura Y, Flynn JR, Reiner AS and Avila EK: Pharmacoresistant seizures and IDH mutation in low-grade gliomas. Neurooncol Adv. 3(vdab146)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

166 

Lim DA, Tarapore P, Chang E, Burt M, Chakalian L, Barbaro N, Chang S, Lamborn KR and McDermott MW: Safety and feasibility of switching from phenytoin to levetiracetam monotherapy for glioma-related seizure control following craniotomy: A randomized phase II pilot study. J Neurooncol. 93:349–354. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

167 

Iuchi T, Kuwabara K, Matsumoto M, Kawasaki K, Hasegawa Y and Sakaida T: Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis during and early after craniotomy for brain tumours: A phase II prospective, randomised study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 86:1158–1162. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

168 

Kerkhof M, Dielemans JC, van Breemen MS, Zwinkels H, Walchenbach R, Taphoorn MJ and Vecht CJ: Effect of valproic acid on seizure control and on survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Neuro Oncol. 15:961–967. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

169 

Weller M, Gorlia T, Cairncross JG, van den Bent MJ, Mason W, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Bogdahn U, Macdonald DR, Forsyth P, et al: Prolonged survival with valproic acid use in the EORTC/NCIC temozolomide trial for glioblastoma. Neurology. 77:1156–1164. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

170 

Pak O, Kosianova A, Zaitsev S, Sharma A, Sharma H and Bryukhovetskiy I: Valproic acid and celecoxib enhance the effect of temozolomide on glioblastoma cells. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 24:375–381. 2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

171 

Salmaggi A, Corno C, Maschio M, Donzelli S, D'Urso A, Perego P and Ciusani E: Synergistic effect of perampanel and temozolomide in human glioma cell lines. J Pers Med. 11(390)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

172 

Nishide T, Yamamuro S, Sano E, Aida Y, Nara K, Yazama G, Ozawa Y and Yoshino A: Synergistic effect of perampanel with temozolomide on glioblastoma cells in vivo. Heliyon. 11(e43167)2025.

173 

Vecht C, Royer-Perron L, Houillier C and Huberfeld G: Seizures and anticonvulsants in brain tumours: Frequency, mechanisms and anti-epileptic management. Curr Pharm Des. 23:6464–6487. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

174 

Simó M, Velasco R, Graus F, Verger E, Gil M, Pineda E, Blasco J and Bruna J: Impact of antiepileptic drugs on thrombocytopenia in glioblastoma patients treated with standard chemoradiotherapy. J Neurooncol. 108:451–458. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

175 

Li C, Chen H, Tan Q, Xie C, Zhan W, Sharma A, Sharma HS and Zhang Z: The therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of an antiepileptic drug valproic acid in glioma patients. Prog Brain Res. 258:369–379. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

176 

Thotala D, Karvas RM, Engelbach JA, Garbow JR, Hallahan AN, DeWees TA, Laszlo A and Hallahan DE: Valproic acid enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy by protecting normal hippocampal neurons and sensitizing malignant glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget. 6:35004–35022. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

177 

Lee PY, Wei YT, Chao KC, Chu CN, Chung WH and Wang TH: Anti-epileptic drug use during adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is associated with poorer survival in patients with glioblastoma: A nationwide population-based cohort study. J Cancer Res Ther. 20:555–562. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

178 

Walbert T, Harrison RA, Schiff D, Avila EK, Chen M, Kandula P, Lee JW, Le Rhun E, Stevens GHJ, Vogelbaum MA, et al: SNO and EANO practice guideline update: Anticonvulsant prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors. Neuro Oncol. 23:1835–1844. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

179 

Wang X, Zheng X, Hu S, Xing A, Wang Z, Song Y, Chen J, Tian S, Mao Y and Chi X: Efficacy of perioperative anticonvulsant prophylaxis in seizure-naïve glioma patients: A meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 186(105529)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

180 

Youshani AS, Heal C, Lee JX, Younis M, Mohanraj R, Maye H, Bailey M, Coope D, D'Urso PI and Karabatsou K: Glioma-related epilepsy following low-grade glioma surgery. Neurooncol Adv. 6(vdae127)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

181 

Stocksdale B, Nagpal S, Hixson JD, Johnson DR, Rai P, Shivaprasad A and Tremont-Lukats IW: Neuro-oncology practice clinical debate: Long-term antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in patients with glioma. Neurooncol Pract. 7:583–588. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

182 

Avila EK, Chamberlain M, Schiff D, Reijneveld JC, Armstrong TS, Ruda R, Wen PY, Weller M, Koekkoek JA, Mittal S, et al: Seizure control as a new metric in assessing efficacy of tumor treatment in low-grade glioma trials. Neuro Oncol. 19:12–21. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

183 

Koekkoek JA, Kerkhof M, Dirven L, Heimans JJ, Reijneveld JC and Taphoorn MJ: Seizure outcome after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in low-grade glioma patients: A systematic review. Neuro Oncol. 17:924–934. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

184 

Takada S, Iwasaki M, Suzuki H, Nakasato N, Kumabe T and Tominaga T: Angiocentric glioma and surrounding cortical dysplasia manifesting as intractable frontal lobe epilepsy-case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 51:522–526. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

185 

Mikuni N, Ikeda A, Takahashi JA, Nozaki K, Miyamoto S, Taki W and Hashimoto N: A step-by-step resection guided by electrocorticography for nonmalignant brain tumors associated with long-term intractable epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 8:560–564. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

186 

Dobran M, Nasi D, Chiriatti S, Gladi M, Somma LD, Iacoangeli M and Scerrati M: Prognostic factors in glioblastoma: Is there a role for epilepsy? Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 58:110–115. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

187 

Chang EF, Potts MB, Keles GE, Lamborn KR, Chang SM, Barbaro NM and Berger MS: Seizure characteristics and control following resection in 332 patients with low-grade gliomas. J Neurosurg. 108:227–235. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

188 

Englot DJ, Berger MS, Barbaro NM and Chang EF: Predictors of seizure freedom after resection of supratentorial low-grade gliomas. A review. J Neurosurg. 115:240–244. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

189 

Hervey-Jumper SL and Berger MS: Insular glioma surgery: An evolution of thought and practice. J Neurosurg. 130:9–16. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

190 

Zhang JJY, Lee KS, Wang DD, Hervey-Jumper SL and Berger MS: Seizure outcome after resection of insular glioma: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and institutional experience. J Neurosurg. 138:1242–1253. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

191 

Köhling R, Senner V, Paulus W and Speckmann EJ: Epileptiform activity preferentially arises outside tumor invasion zone in glioma xenotransplants. Neurobiol Dis. 22:64–75. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

192 

You H and Qiao H: Intraoperative neuromonitoring during resection of gliomas involving eloquent areas. Front Neurol. 12(658680)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

193 

Saghebdoust S, Dayyani M, Rouhbakhsh Zahmatkesh MR, Abbasi B, Soltani G and Zare R: Launching awake craniotomy technique in a resource-limited center: New insights into the patient experience, costs, and long-term outcomes and a narrative review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 168:246–257.e4. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

194 

Battista F, Muscas G, Parenti A, Bonaudo C, Gadda D, Martinelli C, Carrai R, Amadori A, Grippo A and Della Puppa A: Electrocorticography and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation-tailored supratotal resection for epileptogenic low-grade gliomas. J Neurosurg. 142:918–926. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

195 

Juhász C and Mittal S: Molecular imaging of brain tumor-associated epilepsy. Diagnostics (Basel). 10(1049)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

196 

Ricci R, Bacci A, Tugnoli V, Battaglia S, Maffei M, Agati R and Leonardi M: Metabolic findings on 3T 1H-MR spectroscopy in peritumoral brain edema. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28:1287–1291. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

197 

Liubinas SV, Drummond KJ, Desmond PM, Bjorksten A, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, O'Brien TJ and Moffat BA: Glutamate quantification in patients with supratentorial gliomas using chemical shift imaging. NMR Biomed. 27:570–577. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

198 

Goldenberg JM and Pagel MD: Assessments of tumor metabolism with CEST MRI. NMR Biomed. 32(e3943)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

199 

Simister RJ, McLean MA, Barker GJ and Duncan JS: Proton MR spectroscopy of metabolite concentrations in temporal lobe epilepsy and effect of temporal lobe resection. Epilepsy Res. 83:168–176. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

200 

Rudà R, Magliola U, Bertero L, Trevisan E, Bosa C, Mantovani C, Ricardi U, Castiglione A, Monagheddu C and Soffietti R: Seizure control following radiotherapy in patients with diffuse gliomas: A retrospective study. Neuro Oncol. 15:1739–1749. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

201 

Koekkoek JA, Dirven L, Heimans JJ, Postma TJ, Vos MJ, Reijneveld JC and Taphoorn MJ: Seizure reduction in a low-grade glioma: more than a beneficial side effect of temozolomide. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 86:366–373. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

202 

Kahlenberg CA, Fadul CE, Roberts DW, Thadani VM, Bujarski KA, Scott RC and Jobst BC: Seizure prognosis of patients with low-grade tumors. Seizure. 21:540–545. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

203 

Pace A, Vidiri A, Galiè E, Carosi M, Telera S, Cianciulli AM, Canalini P, Giannarelli D, Jandolo B and Carapella CM: Temozolomide chemotherapy for progressive low-grade glioma: Clinical benefits and radiological response. Ann Oncol. 14:1722–1726. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

204 

Sherman JH, Moldovan K, Yeoh HK, Starke RM, Pouratian N, Shaffrey ME and Schiff D: Impact of temozolomide chemotherapy on seizure frequency in patients with low-grade gliomas. J Neurosurg. 114:1617–1621. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

205 

Yue J, Yin C, Chen L, Xu R and Zhao D: Is there a role for temozolomide in glioma related seizures? A systematic review. Neurol India. 70:864–871. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

206 

Mellinghoff IK, van den Bent MJ, Blumenthal DT, Touat M, Peters KB, Clarke J, Mendez J, Yust-Katz S, Welsh L, Mason WP, et al: Vorasidenib in IDH1- or IDH2-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma. N Engl J Med. 389:589–601. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

207 

Mellinghoff IK, Penas-Prado M, Peters KB, Burris HA III, Maher EA, Janku F, Cote GM, de la Fuente MI, Clarke JL, Ellingson BM, et al: Vorasidenib, a dual inhibitor of mutant IDH1/2, in recurrent or progressive glioma; Results of a first-in-human phase I trial. Clin Cancer Res. 27:4491–4499. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

208 

Mellinghoff IK, Lu M, Wen PY, Taylor JW, Maher EA, Arrillaga-Romany I, Peters KB, Ellingson BM, Rosenblum MK, Chun S, et al: Vorasidenib and ivosidenib in IDH1-mutant low-grade glioma: A randomized, perioperative phase 1 trial. Nat Med. 29:615–622. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

209 

Vo AH, Ambady P and Spencer D: The IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib improved seizures in a patient with drug-resistant epilepsy from IDH1 mutant oligodendroglioma. Epilepsy Behav Rep. 18(100526)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

210 

Librizzi L, Vila Verde D, Colciaghi F, Deleo F, Regondi MC, Costanza M, Cipelletti B and de Curtis M: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation sustains seizure activity. Epilepsia. 62:1715–1728. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

211 

Seiffert E, Dreier JP, Ivens S, Bechmann I, Tomkins O, Heinemann U and Friedman A: Lasting blood-brain barrier disruption induces epileptic focus in the rat somatosensory cortex. J Neurosci. 24:7829–7836. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

212 

Marchi N, Angelov L, Masaryk T, Fazio V, Granata T, Hernandez N, Hallene K, Diglaw T, Franic L, Najm I and Janigro D: Seizure-promoting effect of blood-brain barrier disruption. Epilepsia. 48:732–742. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

213 

Xu D, Miller SD and Koh S: Immune mechanisms in epileptogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci. 7(195)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

214 

van Vliet EA, da Costa Araújo S, Redeker S, van Schaik R, Aronica E and Gorter JA: Blood-brain barrier leakage may lead to progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 130 (Pt 2):521–534. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

215 

Xu D, Robinson AP, Ishii T, Duncan DS, Alden TD, Goings GE, Ifergan I, Podojil JR, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Kearney JA, et al: Peripherally derived T regulatory and γδ T cells have opposing roles in the pathogenesis of intractable pediatric epilepsy. J Exp Med. 215:1169–1186. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

216 

Broekaart DWM, Anink JJ, Baayen JC, Idema S, de Vries HE, Aronica E, Gorter JA and van Vliet EA: Activation of the innate immune system is evident throughout epileptogenesis and is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and seizure progression. Epilepsia. 59:1931–1944. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

217 

Zhao K, Bai X, Wang X, Cao Y, Zhang L, Li W and Wang S: Insight on the hub gene associated signatures and potential therapeutic agents in epilepsy and glioma. Brain Res Bull. 199(110666)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

218 

McDonough SI, Boland LM, Mintz IM and Bean BP: Interactions among toxins that inhibit N-type and P-type calcium channels. J Gen Physiol. 119:313–328. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

219 

Lewis RJ, Dutertre S, Vetter I and Christie MJ: Conus venom peptide pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 64:259–298. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

220 

Li L, Zhang C, Wang Z, Guo Y, Wang Y, Fan X and Jiang T: Expression changes in ion channel and immunity genes are associated with glioma-related epilepsy in patients with diffuse gliomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 148:2793–2802. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

221 

Jin Y, Zhao C, Chen L, Liu X, Pan S, Ju D, Ma J, Li J and Wei B: Identification of novel gene and pathway targets for human epilepsy treatment. Biol Res. 49(3)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

222 

Li S, Han J, Guo G, Sun Y, Zhang T, Zhao M, Xu Y, Cui Y, Liu Y and Zhang J: Voltage-gated sodium channels β3 subunit promotes tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating p53 degradation. FEBS Lett. 594:497–508. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

223 

Li S, Shao H and Chang L: The important role of perituberal tissue in epileptic patients with tuberous sclerosis complex by the transcriptome analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2020(4980609)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

224 

Vecht CJ, Kerkhof M and Duran-Pena A: Seizure prognosis in brain tumors: New insights and evidence-based management. Oncologist. 19:751–759. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

225 

Wang R, Yang S, Wang M, Zhou Y, Li X, Chen W, Liu W, Huang Y, Wu J, Cao J, et al: A sustainable approach to universal metabolic cancer diagnosis. Nature Sustainability. 7:602–615. 2024.

226 

Yuan Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li H, Qi Z, Du Z, Chu Y-H, Feng D, Xie Q, Song J, et al: Multimodal data integration using deep learning predicts overall survival of patients with glioma. View. 5(20240001)2024.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen X, Yang J, Kong L, Li Z, Tang F and Li Z: Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review). Biomed Rep 23: 167, 2025.
APA
Chen, X., Yang, J., Kong, L., Li, Z., Tang, F., & Li, Z. (2025). Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review). Biomedical Reports, 23, 167. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2045
MLA
Chen, X., Yang, J., Kong, L., Li, Z., Tang, F., Li, Z."Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review)". Biomedical Reports 23.4 (2025): 167.
Chicago
Chen, X., Yang, J., Kong, L., Li, Z., Tang, F., Li, Z."Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review)". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 4 (2025): 167. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2045
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen X, Yang J, Kong L, Li Z, Tang F and Li Z: Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review). Biomed Rep 23: 167, 2025.
APA
Chen, X., Yang, J., Kong, L., Li, Z., Tang, F., & Li, Z. (2025). Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review). Biomedical Reports, 23, 167. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2045
MLA
Chen, X., Yang, J., Kong, L., Li, Z., Tang, F., Li, Z."Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review)". Biomedical Reports 23.4 (2025): 167.
Chicago
Chen, X., Yang, J., Kong, L., Li, Z., Tang, F., Li, Z."Research progress in glioma‑related epilepsy (Review)". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 4 (2025): 167. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2045
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team