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Review Open Access

Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Serghei Covantsev
    • Diana Poparcea
    • Anna Bumbu
    • Alexandr Ceasovschih
    • Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Alexandru Corlateanu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Federal State Autonomous Institution National Medical Research Centre ‘Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre’ of the Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia, Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy Nicolae Testemitanu, Chisinau MD‑2004, Republic of Moldova, Department of Clinical Research and Development, Botkin Hospital, Moscow 125284, Russia, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania, Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
    Copyright: © Covantsev et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 182
    |
    Published online on: September 22, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2060
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Abstract

Doxofylline, a xanthine derivative introduced in 1987, was developed as an alternative to theophylline for the treatment of chronic respiratory disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma, but also a promising agent with therapeutic potential, unique pharmacological profile, improved safety and tolerability, potential to decrease corticosteroid dependence and applicability in diverse healthcare settings, including resource‑limited environments. The present review examines the utility of doxofylline as an effective bronchodilator, highlighting its improved tolerability profile, minimal drug interactions and distinct pharmacological activities, including its roles as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist and β‑adrenergic receptor agonist, alongside its bronchodilator, antitussive and anti‑inflammatory properties. The present review performed a comprehensive analysis of literature and a comparative evaluation of relevant clinical trials. By contrast with theophylline, whose clinical use has diminished due to its narrow therapeutic window and notable side effects, doxofylline demonstrates a more favorable safety profile and wider therapeutic range. Doxofylline not only enhances spirometric values and reduces the need for salbutamol administration but also exhibits fewer adverse effects, contributing to improved patient tolerance and adherence to treatment. Clinical findings further suggest significant improvements in lung function, exercise capacity and quality of life among patients treated with doxofylline. These results underscore its potential as a viable long‑term therapeutic option, particularly in resource‑limited settings, where it may reduce corticosteroid dependency and provide an effective, affordable and safer alternative to theophylline.
View Figures

Figure 1

Chemical structure of theophylline
and doxofylline
[7-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione].
The presence of a dioxalane group at position 7 in doxofylline
differentiates it structurally from theophylline, contributing to
its improved safety and tolerability.

Figure 2

Mechanism of action of doxofylline
via specific inhibition of cyclic GMP-stimulated PDE2A.
This inhibition contributes to maintaining high levels of cAMP,
favoring bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects in the
respiratory system. Unlike theophylline, doxofylline has specific
selectivity for PDE2A, thus decreasing side effects.
PDE, phosphodiesterase; PKA, protein kinase A.

Figure 3

Interaction of doxofylline with the
A2AR pathway. Modulation of this signaling may
contribute to bronchodilation and attenuation of airway
inflammation in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. A2A R, adenosine A2A receptor; AC,
adenylate cyclase; PKA, protein kinase A; CREB, cAMP response
element-binding protein; aPKC, atypical protein kinase C.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Covantsev S, Poparcea D, Bumbu A, Ceasovschih A, Georgakopoulou VE, Spandidos DA and Corlateanu A: Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review). Biomed Rep 23: 182, 2025.
APA
Covantsev, S., Poparcea, D., Bumbu, A., Ceasovschih, A., Georgakopoulou, V.E., Spandidos, D.A., & Corlateanu, A. (2025). Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review). Biomedical Reports, 23, 182. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2060
MLA
Covantsev, S., Poparcea, D., Bumbu, A., Ceasovschih, A., Georgakopoulou, V. E., Spandidos, D. A., Corlateanu, A."Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review)". Biomedical Reports 23.5 (2025): 182.
Chicago
Covantsev, S., Poparcea, D., Bumbu, A., Ceasovschih, A., Georgakopoulou, V. E., Spandidos, D. A., Corlateanu, A."Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review)". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 5 (2025): 182. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2060
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Covantsev S, Poparcea D, Bumbu A, Ceasovschih A, Georgakopoulou VE, Spandidos DA and Corlateanu A: Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review). Biomed Rep 23: 182, 2025.
APA
Covantsev, S., Poparcea, D., Bumbu, A., Ceasovschih, A., Georgakopoulou, V.E., Spandidos, D.A., & Corlateanu, A. (2025). Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review). Biomedical Reports, 23, 182. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2060
MLA
Covantsev, S., Poparcea, D., Bumbu, A., Ceasovschih, A., Georgakopoulou, V. E., Spandidos, D. A., Corlateanu, A."Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review)". Biomedical Reports 23.5 (2025): 182.
Chicago
Covantsev, S., Poparcea, D., Bumbu, A., Ceasovschih, A., Georgakopoulou, V. E., Spandidos, D. A., Corlateanu, A."Potential of doxofylline in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases (Review)". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 5 (2025): 182. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2060
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