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Case Report Open Access

Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature

  • Authors:
    • Yutaro Fukuma
    • Mitsuaki Ishida
    • Emi Yasuda
    • Kensuke Nakanishi
    • Shuhei Kushiyama
    • Atsushi Tomioka
    • Mitsuhiro Asakuma
    • Yoshinobu Hirose
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan, Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
    Copyright: © Fukuma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 10
    |
    Published online on: November 10, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2083
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Abstract

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of mature bone tissues in non‑skeletal tissues and has been reported in various types of neoplasms. The presence of HO in pancreatic tumors is rare, with only 16 cases reported in the English literature, and the mechanism of HO formation remains unclear. In the present study, the 17th to 19th cases of HO in pancreatic neoplasms were described and the literature on HO in pancreatic neoplasms was reviewed. Three Japanese women with pancreatic masses on imaging underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. The three pancreatic masses were histopathologically diagnosed as a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET), mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and HO was found in all of them. Neither pancreatic NET with HO nor MCN with HO has yet been reported in the English‑language literature, and to our knowledge, these are the first such reports. Although rare, the knowledge that various types of pancreatic tumors, including NETs and MCNs, are associated with HO may be useful in daily practice, and the significance of tumor‑associated HO is discussed.
View Figures

Figure 1

Abdominal plain (A) and
contrast-enhanced (B) computed tomography. A low-density mass with
calcification in the pancreatic tail (white arrows).

Figure 2

Histopathological features of patient
1. (A) The tumor is well circumscribed by fibrous capsule from the
surrounding pancreatic parenchyma, and mature bone tissue (black
arrows) is noted within the tumor (hematoxylin and eosin staining,
x4). (B) A magnified image of (A). Trabecular and ribbon-like
neoplastic growth composed of neoplastic cells with small round
nuclei is observed. Mature bone tissue with osteocytes (black
arrows) is also noted within the tumor with no cartilaginous
components (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification,
x100).

Figure 3

Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed
tomography (A and B) A cystic lesion with calcification in the
pancreatic tail (white arrows).

Figure 4

Histopathological features of patient
2. (A) A well-circumscribed cystic lesion is present, and bone
formation is noted in the cystic wall (black arrows) (hematoxylin
and eosin staining, x20). (B) A magnified image of (A). The cyst is
covered by the mucus-containing columnar cells without nuclear
atypia, and ovarian-like stromal cells are present around columnar
cells. Mature bone tissue with osteocytes is also observed within
the cystic wall with no cartilaginous components (black arrows)
(hematoxylin and eosin staining, x100).

Figure 5

Abdominal plain (A) and
contrast-enhanced (B) computed tomography. A cystic lesion in the
pancreatic tail with calcification (white arrows).

Figure 6

Histopathological features of patient
3. (A) Proliferation of the mucus-containing columnar cells without
nuclear atypia within the dilated pancreatic duct (hematoxylin and
eosin staining, x40). (B) Ossification with no cartilaginous
components is noted within the sclerotic fibrous tissue around the
pancreatic duct (black arrows) (hematoxylin and eosin staining,
x40).
View References

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Fukuma Y, Ishida M, Yasuda E, Nakanishi K, Kushiyama S, Tomioka A, Asakuma M and Hirose Y: Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature. Biomed Rep 24: 10, 2026.
APA
Fukuma, Y., Ishida, M., Yasuda, E., Nakanishi, K., Kushiyama, S., Tomioka, A. ... Hirose, Y. (2026). Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature. Biomedical Reports, 24, 10. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2083
MLA
Fukuma, Y., Ishida, M., Yasuda, E., Nakanishi, K., Kushiyama, S., Tomioka, A., Asakuma, M., Hirose, Y."Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature". Biomedical Reports 24.1 (2026): 10.
Chicago
Fukuma, Y., Ishida, M., Yasuda, E., Nakanishi, K., Kushiyama, S., Tomioka, A., Asakuma, M., Hirose, Y."Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature". Biomedical Reports 24, no. 1 (2026): 10. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2083
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Fukuma Y, Ishida M, Yasuda E, Nakanishi K, Kushiyama S, Tomioka A, Asakuma M and Hirose Y: Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature. Biomed Rep 24: 10, 2026.
APA
Fukuma, Y., Ishida, M., Yasuda, E., Nakanishi, K., Kushiyama, S., Tomioka, A. ... Hirose, Y. (2026). Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature. Biomedical Reports, 24, 10. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2083
MLA
Fukuma, Y., Ishida, M., Yasuda, E., Nakanishi, K., Kushiyama, S., Tomioka, A., Asakuma, M., Hirose, Y."Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature". Biomedical Reports 24.1 (2026): 10.
Chicago
Fukuma, Y., Ishida, M., Yasuda, E., Nakanishi, K., Kushiyama, S., Tomioka, A., Asakuma, M., Hirose, Y."Ossification in pancreatic neoplasms: A report of three cases of neuroendocrine tumor, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with review of the literature". Biomedical Reports 24, no. 1 (2026): 10. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2083
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