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Article Open Access

Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease

  • Authors:
    • Meng Zhao
    • Wenjie Li
    • Xun Ye
    • Qian Zhang
    • Yan Zhang
    • Jizong Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 45
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    Published online on: February 10, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2118
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Abstract

Hemorrhage is a frequent manifestation in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Compared with MMD patients with other subtypes, patients with hemorrhagic MMD (hMMD) are at higher risk of poor prognostic outcomes, Circular RNAs (circRNAs) frequently display dysregulated expression in several human diseases. In the present study, the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of hemorrhage in MMD was investigated. Microarray profiling on 12 moyamoya disease samples, consisting of six hMMD and six matching ischemic MMD (iMMD) samples, was performed. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was then used to confirm the microarray analysis findings. Bioinformatics tools, including Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, were used for further assessment. A network map of circRNA‑microRNA‑gene interactions was also constructed. In total, 3,607 differentially expressed circRNAs, in which 1,940 circRNAs were upregulated and 1,967 circRNAs were downregulated, were identified in hMMD (fold change ≥2.0 and P<0.05) samples. Gene Ontology revealed that the differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in ‘cell cycle phase transition’ and ‘mitotic cell cycle phase transition’. In addition, the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway was found to be the most significantly enriched pathway in hMMD samples. The results of the present study suggested that clusters of circRNAs were differently expressed in hMMD compared with those in iMMD samples, which provides novel insights into hemorrhage in moyamoya disease pathophysiology and potential targets for future therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Differential expression and
correlation analysis of circRNA in MMD. (A) Volcano plots and (B)
scatter plots of circRNA expression profiles in MMD and control
groups. Red dots represent differentially expressed circRNAs
(P<0.05 and fold change ≥2.0). circRNAs, circular RNAs; MMD,
moyamoya disease.

Figure 2

Heat map of differentially expressed
circRNAs between MMD and control groups. circRNAs, circular RNAs;
MMD, moyamoya disease; h, hemorrhagic; i, ischemic.

Figure 3

Reverse transcription-quantitative
PCR validation of expression levels of circRNAs identified by
microarray analysis. Samples were prepared in triplicate. The error
bar stands for standard deviations. *P<0.05,
**P<0.01; ***P<0.001. circRNAs,
circular RNAs; MMD, moyamoya disease; h, hemorrhagic; i,
ischemic.

Figure 4

GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes
and Genomes pathway analysis of the differentially expressed
circRNAs. Top 10 GO biological processes for (A) upregulated and
(B) downregulated circRNAs. Top 10 enriched pathways for (C)
upregulated and (D) downregulated circRNAs. circRNAs, circular
RNAs; GO, Gene Ontology.

Figure 5

Target genes in the ubiquitin
mediated proteolysis pathway. Target genes are shown in red. The
image was generated based on Kanehisa Laboratories and Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways.

Figure 6

Co-expression network of the
validated circRNAs and predicted miRNAs and targeted genes. The red
dots represent circRNAs, purple dots represent miRNAs and the green
dots represent genes. circRNAs, circular RNAs; miRNAs,
microRNAs.
View References

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao M, Li W, Ye X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y and Zhao J: Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease. Biomed Rep 24: 45, 2026.
APA
Zhao, M., Li, W., Ye, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, J. (2026). Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease. Biomedical Reports, 24, 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2118
MLA
Zhao, M., Li, W., Ye, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J."Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease". Biomedical Reports 24.4 (2026): 45.
Chicago
Zhao, M., Li, W., Ye, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J."Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease". Biomedical Reports 24, no. 4 (2026): 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2118
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao M, Li W, Ye X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y and Zhao J: Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease. Biomed Rep 24: 45, 2026.
APA
Zhao, M., Li, W., Ye, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, J. (2026). Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease. Biomedical Reports, 24, 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2118
MLA
Zhao, M., Li, W., Ye, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J."Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease". Biomedical Reports 24.4 (2026): 45.
Chicago
Zhao, M., Li, W., Ye, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J."Differentially expressed circular RNA profile in hemorrhagic and ischemic moyamoya disease". Biomedical Reports 24, no. 4 (2026): 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2118
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