Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
September-2026 Volume 25 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2026 Volume 25 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
Article

Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis

  • Authors:
    • Keshuo Luo
    • Xuan Zhou
    • Xindi Zou
    • Shiqi Jin
    • Zhihao Ge
    • Xuanzhe Zhu
    • Zini Zhang
    • Yiran Li
    • Bo Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou‑Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 107
    |
    Published online on: July 28, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2180
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:


Abstract

Mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene are recognized as major genetic predispositions for atopic dermatitis (AD), yet characterization of FLG protein expression in human subjects remains limited due to the invasive nature of skin biopsies. The present study aimed to evaluate buccal cells as a non‑invasive alternative for assessing FLG protein expression and degradation profiles in AD. Buccal cells were collected from 36 patients with AD and 36 healthy controls (aged 20‑40 years). FLG gene expression was evaluated using reverse transcription quantitative PCR, while FLG protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting. Although FLG gene expression exhibited substantial variability, FLG protein levels remained relatively stable across samples. Notably, distinct FLG degradation profiles were observed in patients with AD, particularly involving low‑molecular‑weight fragments. Mild palmar hyperlinearity was identified in 11% of controls and 33% of patients with AD. In addition, buccal cell pellets from patients with AD exhibited increased viscosity compared with those from controls, which was not explained by mucin expression. These findings suggest that buccal cells provide a feasible, non‑invasive epithelial model for investigating FLG protein dynamics, offering a complementary approach to skin‑based studies. The observed alterations in degradation profiles and pellet viscosity offer new insights into epithelial barrier dysfunction and support the potential of protein‑level approaches in AD research.
View Figures

Figure 1

Phenotypic differences between healthy
controls and patients with AD. (A) Palm prints of four participants
showing phenotypic variations. (B) Schematic representation of the
observed phenotypes. The images at the bottom represent
centrifugation tubes with cell pellets. (C) Phenotypic variations
in buccal cell pellets after centrifugation at different speeds for
2 min. Healthy controls (H1 and H2) display tightly packed and
clearly marginated pellets, while patients with AD (AD1 and AD2)
show loose and fluffy pellets with unclear edges, even after
centrifugation at 21,100 x g for 10 min. Arrows highlight areas
with distinct phenotypic differences. (D) Quantitative analysis of
PH and buccal cell pellet viscosity in 36 healthy controls and 36
patients with AD. ‘V-986’, ‘V-3944’, ‘V-7800’ and ‘V-21100’
indicate viscosity at corresponding centrifugation speeds (x g).
*P<0.05, as determined using a two-tailed Fisher's
exact test. H, healthy control; AD, atopic dermatitis; PH, palmar
hyperlinearity.

Figure 2

Expression of FLG in buccal cells. (A)
Immunoblotting with mouse anti-FLG monoclonal antibody AKH1
demonstrates stable expression of FLG protein in buccal cells, with
major bands observed at positions ~100, ~50, ~40, ~25, ~15 and ~8
kDa. (B) Immunoblotting with rabbit anti-FLG polyclonal antibody
Poly19058 also reveals stable expression of FLG protein in buccal
cells, with major bands detected at positions ~100, ~70, ~40, ~15,
and ~8 kDa. (C) KRT14 was used as a protein loading control.
Representative immunoblots of four participants (H1, H2, AD1 and
AD2) are shown; expanded cohort data are presented in Fig. S4. H, healthy control; AD, atopic
dermatitis; FLG, filaggrin; KRT14, keratin 14.
View References

1 

Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Leprince C, Méchin MC, Simon M, Blunder S, Gruber R and Dubrac S: Revisiting the roles of filaggrin in atopic dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 23(5318)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Stefanovic N and Irvine AD: Filaggrin and beyond: New insights into the skin barrier in atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases, from genetics to therapeutic perspectives. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 132:187–195. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Stamatas GN: Protein degradation in the stratum corneum. Int J Cosmet Sci. 46:590–597. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Akiyama M: FLG mutations in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic eczema: Spectrum of mutations and population genetics. Br J Dermatol. 162:472–477. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Palmer CNA, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP, Goudie DR, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Smith FJ, et al: Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 38:441–446. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Smith FJD, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Zhao Y, Liao H, Evans AT, Goudie DR, Lewis-Jones S, et al: Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin cause ichthyosis vulgaris. Nat Genet. 38:337–342. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Bradshaw LE, Haines RH, Thomas KS, Chalmers JR, Irvine AD, Williams HC and Brown SJ: Clinical examination for hyperlinear palms to determine filaggrin genotype: A diagnostic test accuracy study. Clin Exp Allergy. 51:1421–1428. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Brown SJ, Relton CL, Liao H, Zhao Y, Sandilands A, McLean WH, Cordell HJ and Reynolds NJ: Filaggrin haploinsufficiency is highly penetrant and is associated with increased severity of eczema: Further delineation of the skin phenotype in a prospective epidemiological study of 792 school children. Br J Dermatol. 161:884–889. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Kim BE, Goleva E, Kim PS, Norquest K, Bronchick C, Taylor P and Leung DYM: Side-by-side comparison of skin biopsies and skin tape stripping highlights abnormal stratum corneum in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 139:2387–2389.e1. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Smith SA and Dale BA: Immunologic localization of filaggrin in human oral epithelia and correlation with keratinization. J Invest Dermatol. 86:168–172. 1986.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Vigneswaran N, Peters KP, Hornstein OP and Haneke E: Comparison of cytokeratin, filaggrin and involucrin profiles in oral leukoplakias and squamous carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med. 18:377–390. 1989.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Renò F, Rocchetti V, Migliario M, Rizzi M and Cannas M: Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke increases matrix metalloproteinases and Filaggrin mRNA expression in oral keratinocytes: Role of nicotine stimulation. Oral Oncol. 47:827–830. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Dale BA, Gown AM, Fleckman P, Kimball JR and Resing KA: Characterization of two monoclonal antibodies to human epidermal keratohyalin: Reactivity with filaggrin and related proteins. J Invest Dermatol. 88:306–313. 1987.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Itoiz ME, Conti CJ, Lanfranchi HE, Mamrack M and Klein-Szanto AJ: Immunohistochemical detection of filaggrin in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the human oral mucosa. Am J Pathol. 119:456–461. 1985.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Reibel J, Clausen H, Dale BA and Thacher SM: Immunohistochemical analysis of stratum corneum components in oral squamous epithelia. Differentiation. 41:237–244. 1989.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Bierbaumer L, Schwarze UY, Gruber R and Neuhaus W: Cell culture models of oral mucosal barriers: A review with a focus on applications, culture conditions and barrier properties. Tissue Barriers. 6(1479568)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Michalczyk A, Varigos G, Smith L and Ackland ML: Fresh and cultured buccal cells as a source of mRNA and protein for molecular analysis. Biotechniques. 37:262–264, 266-269. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Sandilands A, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Hull PR, O'Regan GM, Clayton TH, Watson RM, Carrick T, Evans AT, Liao H, Zhao Y, et al: Comprehensive analysis of the gene encoding filaggrin uncovers prevalent and rare mutations in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic eczema. Nat Genet. 39:650–654. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Yamamoto-Tanaka M, Makino T, Motoyama A, Miyai M, Tsuboi R and Hibino T: Multiple pathways are involved in DNA degradation during keratinocyte terminal differentiation. Cell Death Dis. 5(e1181)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Deng H, Li F, Li H, Deng Y, Liu J, Wang D, Han G, Wang XJ and Zhang Q: CtBP1 overexpression in keratinocytes perturbs skin homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol. 134:1323–1331. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Kim BE, Kim J, Goleva E, Berdyshev E, Lee J, Vang KA, Lee UH, Han S, Leung S, Hall CF, et al: Particulate matter causes skin barrier dysfunction. JCI Insight. 6(e145185)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Miyauchi K, Ki S, Ukai M, Suzuki Y, Inoue K, Suda W, Matsui T, Ito Y, Honda K, Koseki H, et al: Essential role of STAT3 signaling in hair follicle homeostasis. Front Immunol. 12(663177)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Kuechle MK, Presland RB, Lewis SP, Fleckman P and Dale BA: Inducible expression of filaggrin increases keratinocyte susceptibility to apoptotic cell death. Cell Death Differ. 7:566–573. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Gerritsen MJ, Elbers ME, De Jong EM and van de Kerkhof PC: Recruitment of cycling epidermal cells and expression of filaggrin, involucrin and tenascin in the margin of the active psoriatic plaque, in the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients and in the normal healthy skin. J Dermatol Sci. 14:179–188. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Sandilands A, Sutherland C, Irvine AD and McLean WHI: Filaggrin in the frontline: Role in skin barrier function and disease. J Cell Sci. 122:1285–1294. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Haftek M, McAleer MA, Jakasa I, McLean WHI, Kezic S and Irvine AD: Changes in nano-mechanical properties of human epidermal cornified cells in children with atopic dermatitis. Wellcome Open Res. 5(97)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Thyssen JP, Jakasa I, Riethmüller C, Schön MP, Braun A, Haftek M, Fallon PG, Wróblewski J, Jakubowski H, Eckhart L, et al: Filaggrin expression and processing deficiencies impair corneocyte surface texture and stiffness in mice. J Invest Dermatol. 140:615–623.e5. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Hatano Y, Adachi Y, Elias PM, Crumrine D, Sakai T, Kurahashi R, Katagiri K and Fujiwara S: The Th2 cytokine, interleukin-4, abrogates the cohesion of normal stratum corneum in mice: Implications for pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol. 22:30–35. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

De Benedetto A, Rafaels NM, McGirt LY, Ivanov AI, Georas SN, Cheadle C, Berger AE, Zhang K, Vidyasagar S, Yoshida T, et al: Tight junction defects in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 127:773–786.e1-e7. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Pfisterer K, Shaw LE, Symmank D and Weninger W: The extracellular matrix in skin inflammation and infection. Front Cell Dev Biol. 9(682414)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Szalus K and Trzeciak M: The role of collagens in atopic dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 25(7647)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Stalder JF, Taïeb A, Atherton DJ, Bieber P, Bonifazi E, Broberg A, Calza A, Coleman R, De Prost Y, Stalder JF, et al: Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis: The SCORAD index: Consensus report of the european task force on atopic dermatitis. Dermatology. 186:23–31. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Hanifin JM, Thurston M, Omoto M, Cherill R, Tofte SJ and Graeber M: The eczema area and severity index (EASI): Assessment of reliability in atopic dermatitis. EASI evaluator group. Exp Dermatol. 10:11–18. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Luo K, Zhou X, Zou X, Jin S, Ge Z, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Li Y and Zhang B: Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis. Biomed Rep 25: 107, 2026.
APA
Luo, K., Zhou, X., Zou, X., Jin, S., Ge, Z., Zhu, X. ... Zhang, B. (2026). Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis. Biomedical Reports, 25, 107. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2180
MLA
Luo, K., Zhou, X., Zou, X., Jin, S., Ge, Z., Zhu, X., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, B."Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis". Biomedical Reports 25.3 (2026): 107.
Chicago
Luo, K., Zhou, X., Zou, X., Jin, S., Ge, Z., Zhu, X., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, B."Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis". Biomedical Reports 25, no. 3 (2026): 107. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2180
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Luo K, Zhou X, Zou X, Jin S, Ge Z, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Li Y and Zhang B: Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis. Biomed Rep 25: 107, 2026.
APA
Luo, K., Zhou, X., Zou, X., Jin, S., Ge, Z., Zhu, X. ... Zhang, B. (2026). Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis. Biomedical Reports, 25, 107. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2180
MLA
Luo, K., Zhou, X., Zou, X., Jin, S., Ge, Z., Zhu, X., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, B."Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis". Biomedical Reports 25.3 (2026): 107.
Chicago
Luo, K., Zhou, X., Zou, X., Jin, S., Ge, Z., Zhu, X., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, B."Buccal cells as a non‑invasive model for filaggrin protein expression and degradation in patients with atopic dermatitis". Biomedical Reports 25, no. 3 (2026): 107. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2180
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team