Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-October 2010 Volume 1 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-October 2010 Volume 1 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Cheng-Huang Shen
    • Hsiao-Yen Hsieh
    • Yuan-Hung Wang
    • Syue-Yi Chen
    • Chun-Liang Tung
    • Jiann-Der Wu
    • Chang-Te Lin
    • Michael W.-Y. Chan
    • Cheng-Da Hsu
    • Deching Chang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C., School of Public Health and Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pathology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Urology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C., Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan, R.O.C.
  • Pages: 893-898
    |
    Published online on: July 21, 2010
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2010.134
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Although Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) has been demonstrated to be associated with tumorigenesis in various types of human tumors, a correlation between DKK1 and urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not been reported. In the present study, the correlation between DKK1 expression and UC progression was investigated. Seventy-five UC patients were enrolled. The expression of DKK1 in serum and UC tissue was detected by ELISA, real-time PCR and Western blotting. Prognostic significance was assessed by using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. The results showed that serum levels of DKK1 were significantly higher in the UC patients with muscle-invasive (p=0.0001) and high-grade tumors (p=0.00001) as compared to the controls. A high-serum DKK1 was also associated with poor disease-free survival in the UC patients (hazard ratio=2.44; 95% CI 1.10-5.40; p=0.028). Furthermore, DKK1 was also overexpressed in 93% (41/44) of the UC tissues. Therefore, the findings indicate that the expression of DKK1 is associated with UC progression.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1. 

Arrizabalaga M, Navarro J, Mora M, Castro M, Extramiana J, Manas A, Diez J and Paniagua P: [Transitional carcinomas of the urinary tract: synchronous and metachronous lesions]. Actas Urol Esp. 18:782–796. 1994.

2. 

Shen CH, Wang YH, Wang WC, Jou YC, Hsu HS, Hsieh HY and Chiou HY: Inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter polymorphism, cigarette smoking, and urothelial carcinoma risk. Urology. 69:1001–1006. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3. 

Herr HW: Natural history of superficial bladder tumors: 10- to 20-year follow-up of treated patients. World J Urol. 15:84–88. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

4. 

Pashos CL, Botteman MF, Laskin BL and Redaelli A: Bladder cancer: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Cancer Pract. 10:311–322. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5. 

Morey SS: American Urological Association issues guidelines on the management of bladder cancer. Am Fam Physician. 61:3734–3736. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

6. 

Aguilera O, Fraga MF, Ballestar E, Paz MF, Herranz M, Espada J, Garcia JM, Munoz A, Esteller M and Gonzalez-Sancho JM: Epigenetic inactivation of the Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 (DKK-1) gene in human colorectal cancer. Oncogene. 25:4116–4121. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7. 

Forget MA, Turcotte S, Beauseigle D, Godin-Ethier J, Pelletier S, Martin J, Tanguay S and Lapointe R: The Wnt pathway regulator DKK1 is preferentially expressed in hormone-resistant breast tumours and in some common cancer types. Br J Cancer. 96:646–653. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8. 

Jiang T, Wang S, Huang L and Zhang S: Clinical significance of serum DKK-1 in patients with gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 19:1177–1181. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9. 

Patil MA, Chua MS, Pan KH, Lin R, Lih CJ, Cheung ST, Ho C, Li R, Fan ST, Cohen SN, Chen X and So S: An integrated data analysis approach to characterize genes highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene. 24:3737–3747. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10. 

Yamabuki T, Takano A, Hayama S, Ishikawa N, Kato T, Miyamoto M, Ito T, Ito H, Miyagi Y, Nakayama H, Fujita M, Hosokawa M, Tsuchiya E, Kohno N, Kondo S, Nakamura Y and Daigo Y: Dikkopf-1 as a novel serologic and prognostic biomarker for lung and esophageal carcinomas. Cancer Res. 67:2517–2525. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

11. 

Niida A, Hiroko T, Kasai M, Furukawa Y, Nakamura Y, Suzuki Y, Sugano S and Akiyama T: DKK1, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, is a target of the beta-catenin/TCF pathway. Oncogene. 23:8520–8526. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12. 

Gonzalez-Sancho JM, Aguilera O, Garcia JM, Pendas-Franco N, Pena C, Cal S, Garcia de Herreros A, Bonilla F and Munoz A: The Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 gene is a downstream target of beta-catenin/TCF and is downregulated in human colon cancer. Oncogene. 24:1098–1103. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13. 

Dulaimi E, Uzzo RG, Greenberg RE, Al-Saleem T and Cairns P: Detection of bladder cancer in urine by a tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation panel. Clin Cancer Res. 10:1887–1893. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14. 

Kastritis E, Murray S, Kyriakou F, Horti M, Tamvakis N, Kavantzas N, Patsouris ES, Noni A, Legaki S, Dimopoulos MA and Bamias A: Somatic mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli gene and nuclear b-catenin accumulation have prognostic significance in invasive urothelial carcinomas: evidence for Wnt pathway implication. Int J Cancer. 124:103–108. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

15. 

Marsit CJ, Karagas MR, Andrew A, Liu M, Danaee H, Schned AR, Nelson HH and Kelsey KT: Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes and TP53 alteration act jointly as markers of invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Res. 65:7081–7085. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16. 

Maruyama R, Toyooka S, Toyooka KO, Harada K, Virmani AK, Zochbauer-Muller S, Farinas AJ, Vakar-Lopez F, Minna JD, Sagalowsky A, Czerniak B and Gazdar AF: Aberrant promoter methylation profile of bladder cancer and its relationship to clinicopathological features. Cancer Res. 61:8659–8663. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

17. 

Stoehr R, Wissmann C, Suzuki H, Knuechel R, Krieg RC, Klopocki E, Dahl E, Wild P, Blaszyk H, Sauter G, Simon R, Schmitt R, Zaak D, Hofstaedter F, Rosenthal A, Baylin SB, Pilarsky C and Hartmann A: Deletions of chromosome 8p and loss of sFRP1 expression are progression markers of papillary bladder cancer. Lab Invest. 84:465–478. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18. 

Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, Kawakami T, Kawamoto K, Hirata H, Tanaka Y, Kikuno N, Nakagawa M, Igawa M and Dahiya R: Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res. 12:2109–2116. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19. 

Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, Kawakami T, Tokizane T, Ogishima T, Tanaka Y, Li LC, Ribeiro-Filho LA, Terashima M, Kikuno N, Adachi H, Yoneda T, Kishi H, Shigeno K, Konety BR, Igawa M and Dahiya R: Epigenetic inactivation of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 plays an important role in bladder cancer through aberrant canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Clin Cancer Res. 12:383–391. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

20. 

Kakiuchi S, Daigo Y, Ishikawa N, Furukawa C, Tsunoda T, Yano S, Nakagawa K, Tsuruo T, Kohno N, Fukuoka M, Sone S and Nakamura Y: Prediction of sensitivity of advanced non-small cell lung cancers to gefitinib (Iressa, ZD1839). Hum Mol Genet. 13:3029–3043. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21. 

Kakiuchi S, Daigo Y, Tsunoda T, Yano S, Sone S and Nakamura Y: Genome-wide analysis of organ-preferential metastasis of human small cell lung cancer in mice. Mol Cancer Res. 1:485–499. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

22. 

Kikuchi T, Daigo Y, Ishikawa N, Katagiri T, Tsunoda T, Yoshida S and Nakamura Y: Expression profiles of metastatic brain tumor from lung adenocarcinomas on cDNA microarray. Int J Oncol. 28:799–805. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

23. 

Kikuchi T, Daigo Y, Katagiri T, Tsunoda T, Okada K, Kakiuchi S, Zembutsu H, Furukawa Y, Kawamura M, Kobayashi K, Imai K and Nakamura Y: Expression profiles of non-small cell lung cancers on cDNA microarrays: identification of genes for prediction of lymph-node metastasis and sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. Oncogene. 22:2192–2205. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

24. 

Taniwaki M, Daigo Y, Ishikawa N, Takano A, Tsunoda T, Yasui W, Inai K, Kohno N and Nakamura Y: Gene expression profiles of small-cell lung cancers: molecular signatures of lung cancer. Int J Oncol. 29:567–575. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

25. 

Yamabuki T, Daigo Y, Kato T, Hayama S, Tsunoda T, Miyamoto M, Ito T, Fujita M, Hosokawa M, Kondo S and Nakamura Y: Genome-wide gene expression profile analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Oncol. 28:1375–1384. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

26. 

Moon RT, Kohn AD, De Ferrari GV and Kaykas A: WNT and beta-catenin signalling: diseases and therapies. Nat Rev Genet. 5:691–701. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27. 

Reya T and Clevers H: Wnt signalling in stem cells and cancer. Nature. 434:843–850. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28. 

Aman A and Piotrowski T: Wnt/beta-catenin and Fgf signaling control collective cell migration by restricting chemokine receptor expression. Dev Cell. 15:749–761. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29. 

Chamorro MN, Schwartz DR, Vonica A, Brivanlou AH, Cho KR and Varmus HE: FGF-20 and DKK1 are transcriptional targets of beta-catenin and FGF-20 is implicated in cancer and development. EMBO J. 24:73–84. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30. 

Politou MC, Heath DJ, Rahemtulla A, Szydlo R, Anagnostopoulos A, Dimopoulos MA, Croucher PI and Terpos E: Serum concentrations of Dickkopf-1 protein are increased in patients with multiple myeloma and reduced after autologous stem cell transplantation. Int J Cancer. 119:1728–1731. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31. 

Yu B, Yang X, Xu Y, Yao G, Shu H, Lin B, Hood L, Wang H, Yang S, Gu J, Fan J and Qin W: Elevated expression of DKK1 is associated with cytoplasmic/nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinomas. J Hepatol. 50:948–957. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32. 

Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R, Groshen S, Feng AC, Boyd S, Skinner E, Bochner B, Thangathurai D, Mikhail M, Raghavan D and Skinner DG: Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients. J Clin Oncol. 19:666–675. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shen C, Hsieh H, Wang Y, Chen S, Tung C, Wu J, Lin C, Chan MW, Hsu C, Chang D, Chang D, et al: High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 1: 893-898, 2010.
APA
Shen, C., Hsieh, H., Wang, Y., Chen, S., Tung, C., Wu, J. ... Chang, D. (2010). High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 1, 893-898. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2010.134
MLA
Shen, C., Hsieh, H., Wang, Y., Chen, S., Tung, C., Wu, J., Lin, C., Chan, M. W., Hsu, C., Chang, D."High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 1.5 (2010): 893-898.
Chicago
Shen, C., Hsieh, H., Wang, Y., Chen, S., Tung, C., Wu, J., Lin, C., Chan, M. W., Hsu, C., Chang, D."High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 1, no. 5 (2010): 893-898. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2010.134
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shen C, Hsieh H, Wang Y, Chen S, Tung C, Wu J, Lin C, Chan MW, Hsu C, Chang D, Chang D, et al: High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 1: 893-898, 2010.
APA
Shen, C., Hsieh, H., Wang, Y., Chen, S., Tung, C., Wu, J. ... Chang, D. (2010). High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 1, 893-898. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2010.134
MLA
Shen, C., Hsieh, H., Wang, Y., Chen, S., Tung, C., Wu, J., Lin, C., Chan, M. W., Hsu, C., Chang, D."High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 1.5 (2010): 893-898.
Chicago
Shen, C., Hsieh, H., Wang, Y., Chen, S., Tung, C., Wu, J., Lin, C., Chan, M. W., Hsu, C., Chang, D."High Dickkopf-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 1, no. 5 (2010): 893-898. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2010.134
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team