Female distance runners show a different response to post-workout consumption of wheat gluten hydrolysate compared to their male counterparts

Gleeson M: Dosing and efficacy of glutamine supplementation in human exercise and sport training. J Nutr. 138:S2045–S2049. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

Souba WW, Smith RJ and Willmore DW: Glutamine metabolism by the intestinal tract. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 9:608–617. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rowbottom DG, Keast D, Goodman C and Morton AR: The hematological, biochemical and immunological profile of athletes suffering from the overtraining syndrome. Eur J Appl Physiol. 70:502–509. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sawaki K, Takaoka I, Sakuraba K and Suzuki Y: Effect of distance running and subsequent intake of glutamine rich peptide on biomedical parameters of male Japanese athletes. Nutr Res. 24:59–71. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

Koikawa N, Nakamura A, Nagaoka I, Aoki K, Sawaki K and Suzuki Y: Delayed-onset muscle injury and its modification by wheat gluten hydrolysate. Nutrition. 25:493–498. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Saltin B and Gollnick PD: Fuel for muscular exercise: role of carbohydrate. Exercise Nutrition and Energy Metabolism. Horton ES and Terjung RL: Macmillan; New York: pp. 45–71. 1988

Armstrong RB: Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: a brief review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 16:529–538. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Suzuki K, Nakaji S, Yamada M, Liu Q, Kurakake S, Okamura N, Kumae T, Umeda T and Sugawara K: Impact of a competitive marathon race on systemic cytokine and neutrophil responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 35:348–355. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gomez-Merino D, Drogou C, Guezennec CY, Burnat P, Bourrilhon C, Tomaszewski A, Milhau S and Chennaoui M: Comparison of systemic cytokine responses after a long distance triathlon and a 100-km run: relationship to metabolic and inflammatory processes. Eur Cytokine Netw. 17:117–124. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

Swaminathan R, Ho CS and Donnan SPB: Body composition and plasma creatine kinase activity. Ann Clin Biochem. 25:389–391. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar

Suzuki K, Totsuka M, Nakaji S, Yamada M, Kudoh S, Liu Q, Sugawara K, Yamaya K and Sato K: Endurance exercise causes interaction among stress hormones, cytokines, neutrophil dynamics, and muscle damage. J Appl Physiol. 87:1360–1367. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

Calder PC and Yaqoob P: Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids. 17:227–241. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Robson PJ, Blannin AK, Walsh NP, Castell LM and Gleeson M: Effects of exercise intensity, duration and recovery on in vitro neutrophil function in male athletes. Int J Sports Med. 20:128–135. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

Rennie MJ, Edwards RH, Krywawych S, Davies CT, Halliday D, Waterlow JC and Millward DJ: Effect of exercise on protein turnover in man. Clin Sci (Lond). 61:627–639. 1981.PubMed/NCBI